The immune system is stronger, so it also helps in terms of physical health.
免疫系统更强,所以对身体健康也有帮助。
It has to be complex, because we're asking the immune system to be able to respond to every potential foreign pathogen that we come into contact with.
免疫系统是十分复杂的,因为我们需要免疫系统,能够对我们身体接触到的,任何潜在的外来病原体进行反应
Under-nutrition--now I'm going -this slide has a lot of information on it and I'm going to come back to it in the class where we talk about hunger, but I show it today because of course undernutrition can affect every single system of the body and can have devastating consequences on people's health.
营养不良,这张幻灯片上有很多关于营养不良的信息,以后讲到饥饿的时候,我会再回头来讲这张幻灯片,我今天让大家看是想告诉大家,营养不良一定会影响身体的每一个系统,并对人们的健康造成巨大的破坏
One way to draw sort of a schematic diagram of the operation of the human body where it shows separated organ systems and tries to show them in context.
用这种图示的方法,示意人类身体的运作方法,图中单独表示出器官系统,并试图展示它们之间的联系
There are some organ systems that are totally internal.
有一些系统完全位于身体内部
But in any event, the vaccine is intended to stimulate the immune system to produce an effector response— either antibodies or specific cells— that can combat spread of the microorganism through your body.
但无论如何,疫苗是通过,刺激免疫系统来使身体产生应答,无论是抗体还是特定的细胞,都可以阻止微生物在体内扩散
So we're going to talk about thinking about the body as a system, as a system that can be understood the same way a motor could be understood or a computer that could be understood.
我们会讲到如何将身体看作系统进行研究,这个系统能够以研究,引擎或计算机的方法进行研究
Or you get a cold, the cold virus takes hold, the viruses start replicating inside of you and it takes some time for immune system to gear up to eliminate it, so we're used to thinking about responses that take some time.
或者你得了感冒,感冒病毒扎根在你的身体中,病毒开始在你体内复制,免疫系统需要一定时间做好准备去消灭它,所以我们曾认为免疫反应需要一定时间
Well, the way that your immune system recognizes it is that all the cells of our body express a molecule on their surface, a membrane protein called the MHC1 complex.
而免疫系统识别的方法是,身体内所有细胞在其表面表达一种分子,一种叫做MHC1复合体的膜蛋白
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