When Modigliani and Miller wrote, there was a differential tax rate between dividends and capital gains.

莫迪利阿尼和米勒写到,如果在股利和资本收益间,有一个随其他因素变化的税率

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

It was--Modigliani and Miller said back then-- this was thirty or forty years ago-- that companies should really not pay dividends because dividends were then taxed at a higher rate than capital gains.

莫迪利阿尼和米勒说在那时候,大概30或40年前,公司不应分配股利,因为对股利征税的税率比对资本收益高

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

However, that all changed in 2003 with the Jobs and Growth Tax Reconciliation Act of 2003, which cut the rate of taxation of dividends to 15%-- the same rate that capital gains are taxed.

但在2003年这些都变了,2003年颁布的《就业与进一步减税协调法案》,将股利的税率减至15%,与资本收益的征税率相同

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Now, we're going to go back to Roger Ibbotson at the School of Management. He did some path breaking work in terms of describing capital markets returns over reasonably long periods of time.

先讲回到管理学院的罗格·伊博森,所进行的开创性研究,描述了在相当长的时期内,资本市场的收益情况

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

It's a little bit of a digression, but one of the things that I've witnessed over the past twenty years is that the leakage of the -the leakage from the system in terms of the returns that go to the owners of capital -leakage has increased enormously.

讲一点稍稍离题的内容,我发现,过去的二十年中,这种损耗,这种减损资本所有者收益所得的,系统性损耗,有相当巨大的增长

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选