They will defend, quite vociferously, their privileges as townspeople against absolutist pretensions of nobles, in the case of the Netherlands and also, to an extent, in England as well.

他们奔走呼号,捍卫自己的权利,以城里人身份去反对贵族的专制野心,而在荷兰,某种程度上,同英国是一样的

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Would be-- These would have been aristocratic republics at this stage of the game, and so there would have been a council of nobles that would typically have done it.

就是,这种制度,是贵族共和国的产物,所以拥有这一权利的,应是贵族议会

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选