All of these heroes are aristocrats in the traditional sense of the word; they arrive at their high standing in their community by virtue of birth.

而所有这些英雄们,从传统角度来说,都是贵族,他们在社会中得到了很高的名望,因为他们生而高贵

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

You've got all these guys with dueling scars, and for them to be indulging in commerce is just crass, and not terribly manly, and all this business.

这些人骨子里的传统贵族观念,使得他们认为从商是粗俗的,一点没有男子气概的,以及这种不屑的看法

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

What the kind of regime that emerges along side the polis, is an aristocratic republic in which the noblemen have influence and power within the community by tradition and they are plural.

和城邦一同出现的政权制度,是一个贵族化的共和政体,贵族在城邦中依靠传统赋予他们的地位,发挥影响,拥有权力,他们的人数不止一个

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The tradition is aristocracy; that's what we connect with the polis, and of course, it was natural, because it also fit into the world of the Iliad and the Odyssey, which they were accustomed to think about.

他们的传统是贵族政府,这是我们该和城邦联系起来的政体,当然,这也很自然,因为这也符合《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中的描写,他们习惯于用这样的方式去思考

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

They were the judicial authority basing that on their claim to divine descent on their, certainly, noble descent, and on the fact that the nobility had a monopoly of knowledge about what the traditions of the community are.

他们能成为司法机关,是基于他们所谓的神圣血统,当然,就是贵族血统,同时也基于贵族对于知识的垄断,对所谓传统的解释权的垄断

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选