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Some people like to use an arrow, and the arrow points in the direction of the more electronegative end.
也可以用箭头，箭头指向,带负电的一极。
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Now you have this situation where you have a droplet that is net negative or perhaps net positive.
现在的情况是那些液滴,可能是净负电，也可能是净正电。
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So, if we think about the force that occurs between a positively and a negatively charged particle, what we have is essentially a Coulomb force, so we can describe this as a force of attraction.
一个带负电的粒子之间，的作用力,这本质上就是库伦力，我们可以把它，描述成一个引力。
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Now, that rapid rise is called depolarization and the membrane is said to be in a depolarized state because it's less polarized or less negatively charged repolarized as negatively charged.
这个迅速上升过程称为去极化,我们称膜处于去极化状态,因为膜的极化程度降低了,或者说是带的负电减少了,而复极化就代表重新带上负电荷
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When the charge is applied, if the upper plate is negative, we would expect that the negative droplet would be repelled at a rate exceeding the gravitational fall.
当电荷起作用时，如果上边的板子是负电的，我们可以期待负电的液滴会,超过重力下降速度的速度被排斥。
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So, what happens if I put pluses and minuses in a gas phase?
如果我把带正电的东西和带负电的东西都放在,一个气相中，会是什么样呢？
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The first, which I just stated, is that the deflection of that negative particle was just far and away more extreme, much, much larger than that of the positive particle. The other assumption that he made here is that the charge on the two particles was equal.
为了这么做，他又做了更多的观察,首先，像我之前已经说了，测到的负电粒子,偏转要远远,大于正电粒子,另外一个他做了一个假设。
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But there's more because now I've got pluses and minuses.
但是还有别的问题,因为我现在得到了带正电的东西和带负电的东西。
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And, you get these tiny little negatives running around.
有一些非常小的带负电的东西在它周围运动。
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that the negative particle travelled - it was deflected much, much further by those plates, what he could also assume and make the conclusion of is that the mass of that negative particle is actually larger or smaller?
因为他发现负电粒子,运动了很远,它被两块电板偏转了,非常非常远,所以他给出的结论是,负电粒子的质量,是比较大还是比较小？
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PROFESSOR: Yeah, that's right. So, what we have here, cathode rays we now know are negatively charged particles. And, in fact, he named these negatively charged particles. Does anyone know what he named them? No, not electrons - very good guess. He named them corpuscles.
学生：负电，教授：是的,我们现在知道，阴极射线是带负电的粒子,实际上他还给这些,带负电的粒子去了一个名字,有谁知道叫什么吗？
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And I am able to vary the voltage on the plates making this for argument's sake negative and this for argument's sake positive.
我可以改变两个板子上的电压,为了论证，这个是负电,这个是正电。
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It bears a negative charge and the value of minus 1.6 times 10 to the 19 coulombs.
电子是带负电荷的，并且,负电的值为1。6乘以10到19，库伦。
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The second particle was deflected almost not at all. But what he could tell from the fact that there was a second particle at all, and the fact that it was in this direction, is that in addition to his negative particle, he also, of course, had a positive particle that was within this stream of rays that were coming out.
粒子的强烈信号,有着强烈的对比,第二个粒子几乎，不发生偏转，他能判断这是，第二个粒子的原因是它在这个方向,所以在出射射线中,除了有带负电的粒子外。
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