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So, let's say they were expecting to see one certain frequency or one line in the spectrum at this point here.
比如说他们预计会看到某个特定的频率,或者在这里看到一个谱线。
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We might be asked, for example, to determine what all of the different elements could be that would produce a spectrum that gave us 5 different lines.
那么我们会问，比如，有哪些不同的元素可以产生,一个有五条分立谱线的光谱？
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Again, in an electric field line splitting observed, the intensity of the line splitting varying with the intensity of the applied electric field.
结果也证明谱线在电场中也会分裂，而且其分裂程度,随电场强度变化而变化。
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Any one of these different elements could actually produce a photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum that has five distinct lines.
其中任何一种元素,都可能产生,有五条分立谱线的光电子能谱。
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And, furthermore, that the intensity of the splitting was proportional to the intensity of the applied magnetic field.
并且谱线的分裂程度,和实验中所使用的磁场强度,是成比例的。
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If you look really carefully, you could find it was not a single line but two lines, and Bohr is silent on such matters.
如果你仔细观察的话，会发现这是两条谱线而非一条，对这一研究，波尔不得不沉默。
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- So the first thing that we want to do, if we're thinking about something like this, is just to determine exactly what orbitals are causing the five different lines that we're seeing in the spectrum.
我们要做的最要紧的事，如果我们在思考这种问题的话，其实只不过是,准确地确定哪些轨道会导致,这五条分立谱线在光谱中出现。
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Again, the Bohr model silent about these splitting into multiple levels.
对谱线分裂成多条这一现象,波尔又一次沉默了。
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All right, so we can, in fact, observe individual lines.
好的，事实上我们可以看单个的谱线。
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So that's why we're not seeing separate lines in this spectrum.
因此，我们在光谱中看不到,分立的谱线。
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And, sure enough, we see the splitting.
这样，我们就必然能看到谱线的分裂了。
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OK Is everyone seeing that? Yeah, pretty much. OK.
分立的各个谱线，有看到的吗？有很多。
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And hydrogen atom is what we're learning about, so that's the most relevant here. But just to show you that each atom does have its own set of spectral lines, just for fun we'll look at neon also so you can have a comparison point.
为了给你们展示下每个原子，都有自己的一套谱线,仅仅是为了好玩，我们看下氖,你们可以比较一下。
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And I also want to point out, it's guaranteed pretty much you may or may not be able to see, sometimes it's hard to see that one that's getting near the UV end of our visible spectrum. So we won't worry if we can't see that.
我要指出的是，我可以保证你们,但你们可能会看不到，有时候很难看到,这个可见光谱边缘接近紫外光地方的这根谱线,所以看不到也不用担心。
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It turns out that we are far from the first people, although it felt exciting, we did not discover this for the first time here today. In fact, J.J. Balmer, JJ Balmer who was a school teacher in the 1800s, was the first to describe these lines that could be seen from hydrogen.
实际上，它第一次被发现已经是在很早之前了，虽然我们觉得很激动，但我们,并不是第一次发现这个的，事实上，一个19世纪的老师,是第一个在氢原子中发现这些谱线的人。
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And what you see when we see it with our eye, which is all the wavelengths, of course, mixed together, is whichever those wavelengths is most intense. So, when we looked at the individual neon lines, it was the orange colors that was most intense, which is why we were seeing kind of a general orange glow with the neon, which is different from what we see with the hydrogen.
当你们用眼睛看时，当然看到的是全波长，是混在一起来，看到的是最强的那些波长，当我们看单个氖谱线时，橙色是最强的,所以我们看氖光整体是橙色的,这和氢气是不一样的。
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So we want to look at any element that has a 3 p orbital filled, but that does not then go on and have a 4 s, because if it had the 4 s filled then we would actually see six lines in the spectrum.
所以，我们要找一找有哪些元素的,3，p，轨道被占据，但没有，4，s，轨道被占据,因为如果，4，s，轨道也被占据了,那我们会在光谱中看到第六条谱线。
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First there was the observation by Michelson who back in the late 1880s had done very precise interferal metric measurements of the hydrogen lines and had observed that the 656 nanometer line 3 associated with the transition of n equals 3 to n equals 2 was, in fact, a doublet.
首先是麦克逊,在1880年底的观察,他以公制单位对氢原子的光谱线,作了准确的，无其他因素干扰的，测量,发现当n值由3变为2时,会同时得到波长为656纳米的谱线3,实际上是有两条线。
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