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In the second verse paragraph, Milton tells his father: "do not despise divine poetry, creation of the prophetic bard.
在诗的第二段，弥尔顿对他父亲说：,不要轻视神圣的诗歌，诗人预示性的创作。
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He says this verse. It speaks a lot about the sublimeness and glory of God, just how truly great he is.
他就说的这句诗，这句诗是赞美上帝的,崇高与光荣的，赞扬他有多么伟大。
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How can you write an original poem when your literary consciousness is essentially made up of the memory of all the things that you've read before?
你怎么能说自己写的是原创的诗,当你的文思,主要是由你以前阅读积累下的记忆,组合成的呢？
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Yeats said that the voices that he communicated with on the other side gave him "metaphors for poetry."
叶芝说,来自异界的和他讲话的声音,给了他诗的隐喻“
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It's a poem which begins, "I have heard that hysterical women say they are sick of the palette and fiddle-bow, of poets that are always gay..."
诗的开头写道，我曾听见歇斯底里的女人们说,她们厌恶调色板和提琴弓，厌恶那些永远快乐的诗人们“
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So, the parody is of something very close to home. And this poem that I've given you will come back on page 134. You don't have to turn to that now, but you should think about that return.
所以拙劣的模仿说得有点太露骨了,下面我要讲的诗在134页，你们现在不需要翻到那页,但你们得思考那个回答。
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Pushpin is as good as poetry", Bentham says.
针戏与诗一样好，边沁说。
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It is, well, it's a great poem. There are lots of them that when I first started teaching this course I decided I wouldn't teach.
它是一首伟大的诗，有很多诗都是,我开始教这门课的时候就决定不去说这首诗。
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Then he could tell us the mournful lay that the uncouth swain sang, and then he could say, "Thus sang the uncouth swain."
然后他可以告诉我们这个年轻吟唱的哀悼诗，然后说，“粗鄙的青年人吟唱着“
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And when I asked about philosophy he said philosophy has nothing to say about death, only poetry has something to say about death.
当我问到哲学的时候,他说哲学与死亡无关，只有诗能够解读死亡。
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The poet Wallace Stevens puts it beautifully when he says that poetry should make the visible a little hard to see; in other words it should be a defamiliarizing of that which has become too familiar.
诗人华莱士，史蒂文斯在解释这点时说得很漂亮,他说，诗应给能见之物涂上一点朦胧的色彩，换句话说,诗应将熟悉的事物陌生化。
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I'll bet you, even if you're reading this for the second or the third time, you were surprised again when you came to this point.
我敢说，即使是第二遍或第三遍读这首诗,读到这儿时你们还是会感到惊讶。
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It isn't exactly, though, the first poem that Milton wrote.
尽管说这是弥尔顿写的第一首诗不太确切。
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The question of providential justice is of course of primary significance to Milton's poem, but Hartman goes on to say that the moon, which reminds us of a calm and perfect sense of Providence, also works to guarantee the principal of free will.
这里，关于天佑的公平的问题,是其对于弥尔顿的诗最基本的重要性，但是哈特曼接着又说月亮是，这提醒了我们天意的冷静和完美感，月亮在这儿也是为了保障自由意志的原则。
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What is it saying? What is its meaning?
这首诗在说什么呢？它是什么意思？
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So, this is what Carlo represents in his poetry.
所以说，这就是卡洛在他的诗里所描述的。
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You could look at a similar attitude in "A Prayer for My Daughter," another important big Yeats poem from slightly earlier, where Yeats says, "An intellectual hatred is the worst, so "that opinions are accursed."
在为我的女儿祈祷中,叶芝表达了相似的态度,这首诗稍早，也很重要，叶芝在诗里说，理智的仇恨为害最甚,把观念视为可憎“
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The rest of contemporary history, including all of the stormy events leading up to Milton's own beloved Puritan Revolution, in which Milton himself, of course, had participated -all of that has been at least at the literal level, at the explicit level, expunged from the poem.
接下来的当代历史，包括所有引领着弥尔顿所钟爱的清教徒革命的,暴风性事件，在那场革命中，弥尔顿本人也参与其中,-所有那些至少在文义层面，在独立于本诗之外可说清的层面，都是很重要的。
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situates the poem in a dialogue as if someone had just said, "Have you ever been to Adlestrop?"
使诗处在像是有人刚刚说过的语境中，你去过艾德尔索普吗？
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In other words, the poem is full of complexities, but who says they're being reconciled?
其实，这首诗充满了矛盾，但是谁又说了这首诗协调了矛盾呢？
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Well, the poem is, as John Donne puts it, a little world made cunningly.
就像多恩说的那样，每首诗都是一个精心制造的小世界。
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Now why focus on the "poem"? Notice that we never hear about literature.
那么为什么一直强调是“一首诗“呢？，你看我们从不说。
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He says in the middle of the poem on page 225: First there's the children's house of make-believe, Some shattered dishes underneath a pine, The playthings in the playhouse of the children.
他在225页这首诗的中间说到：,首先是假扮的孩子们的房间，松树下的一碟碟食物，那些玩具室里孩子们的玩具。
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Leda and the Swan" seems to say a knowledge of the body, of the necessity of embodiment. In the late Yeats, in the poems that I'll be discussing today, there's no knowledge apart from the body.
这诗里似乎说的是身体的知识，表现的必要性，我们要谈论的,叶芝的晚期诗讲的就是身体。
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That's because to suggest -- just think of it - to suggest that Milton is relying on his memory as he composes so allusively and so dependently, in a lot of ways, so much of Paradise Lost - to say that is simply to say that the poem has been generated by Milton and not by God.
让我们来设想一下其中的原因吧,假设弥尔顿全靠着他的记忆,正如他隐晦而连续地在《失乐园》中引经据典，并将这些以多种方式组合，这在《失乐园》中随处可见,以至于人们可以简单地说这部诗,是出自弥尔顿而非上帝的创作。
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You remember he's written his father in "Ad Patrem" that the trade, the vocation of poetry -- it may be homely and slighted in his father's eyes, but it was of course worth all of Milton's time, all of Milton's uncessant care and investment.
他在写给父亲的Ad，Patrem中说，写诗这个职业在父亲看来或许,简单无趣，却值得弥尔顿付出所有的时间，精力，和投资。
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