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Then, your muscle cells would start producing Hepatitis B surface antigen and your immune system recognizing that's a foreign protein would start responding to it.
于是,肌肉细胞将会,开始制造乙肝表面抗原,然后免疫系统就会识别出,那是外来蛋白质并且产生免疫应答
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Can you identify any chords in this particular piece?"
你能识别出这一段的几个和弦吗
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It can separate between what's part of yourself and what's foreign, and it does that by presenting, by recognizing antigens that are presented in the context of the major histocompatibility complex, MHC.
免疫系统可以识别出哪些是属于你的,哪些是外来的,它通过呈递和识别抗原达到目的,而抗原是存在于,主要组织相容性复合体中的
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And you can't... If the brain was wired up like a personal computer, it would take you four hours to recognize a face, but in fact, we could do things extremely quickly.
你无法,如果大脑是像个人电脑那样组装起来的话,那你识别出一张面孔就得花上四个小时,但事实上,我们能够非常迅速地完成某些事情
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It takes advantage of the specificity of the restriction enzymes, the fact that we know what the gene sequence that we're looking for, and using this technological process of electrophoresis to identify changes that we predict.
这个方法利用了限制酶特有的性质,我们知道我们在找什么样的基因序列,从而才能利用电泳这个技术流程,来识别出我们预计的情况
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Yeah, this is just one particular example of how to do it, but you could - so you have to identify something that's unique about it and then design a method for identifying that unique thing.
是的 这只是一个特定的例子,但你可以--,你必须找到它,独一无二的特性,然后才能设计出识别这种特性的方法
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If the immune system recognizes only small pieces of the virus and mounts an immune response to that, how about if I just take these pieces of a virus like some structural subunit, some piece of protein and use that as a vaccine?
如果免疫系统识别出病毒的一小段,就可以诱发起免疫应答,那么如果我仅用一小部分病毒,比如一些结构性亚基 一些蛋白质的片段,来作为疫苗的话,会如何呢
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Now, for antibody production it is still a T-cell that recognizes the antigen presenting cell.
现在,抗体的产生,仍是源于T淋巴细胞识别出抗原呈递细胞
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Immune cells recognize it, and they recognize it by a very special form of receptor-ligand interaction where the ligand is MHC1 with the foreign antigen and the receptor is a receptor called the T-cell receptor complex.
免疫细胞识别出染病细胞,通过一种特殊形式的,受体配体协作机制识别出来,其中的配体是同,外源抗原共同出现的MHC1,而这其中受体是T细胞受体复合体
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Plus,if you're looking for insulin, if you're looking for the gene for insulin you're going to cells that are making it already, they have abundant messenger RNA so it's much easier to separate out and identify the gene that you're interested in.
再者,如果你在找胰岛素,如果你在找胰岛素基因,你要到,正在制造胰岛素的细胞里找,里面有丰富的mRNA,所以更容易分离,并识别出你感兴趣的基因
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If you take an organ from one person and put it in another, if their MHC molecules don't match then the immune system recognizes the immune system of the host recognizes 'this is not the right MHC for me' and the immune tries to destroy those cells.
如果将器官从一个人移植到另一个人,免疫系统识别出MHC分子并不匹配,宿主的免疫系统就会说,这不是我的MHC,免疫系统就会试着摧毁移植器官的细胞
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