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Okay. Having said that and pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of notation let's plunge in then to a discussion of it.
好的,既然我们已经提到,并指出了记谱法的优势和劣势,那接下来我们就来对它进行一番讨论
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And musical notation is relied on more in Western music than any other musical civilization around the world.
而音乐记谱法在西方音乐中更受倚重,比在全世界其它音乐文明中地位更高
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They do, but it doesn't intersect quite as intensely as musical notation does in Western cultures.
他们的确有,但他们的记谱法并没有贯穿文化的始终,比不上音乐记谱法在西方文化中的地位
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Most cultures around the world, if you stop and think about it, don't use musical notation.
很多世界上的其他文化,如果你停下来想想,并不使用音乐记谱法
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But we do here with our art music and that has two advantages.
但我们这里的高雅音乐就应用了,而且音乐记谱法有两大优势
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So again the process of notation allows the composer to loom larger.
所以再一次强调记谱法的作用,它让作曲家的地位更加突出
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We said before that in Western music we have musical notation.
我们以前说过,在西方的音乐里有音乐记谱法
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Other cultures don't use this type of prescriptive notation.
其他文化不使用这样说明性的记谱法
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Musical notation was the first graph in Western culture.
音乐记谱法是西方文化中第一种图示法
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It allows us to preserve the work of art.
记谱法让我们能得以保护艺术成果
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And secondly there's another advantage of notation.
其次,记谱法还有另一个好处
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So musical notation: the first grid pattern in Western culture-- but it does lock us in in interesting ways that we may-- you perhaps have never considered-- compared to how music is made in other cultures.
因此音乐记谱法,是西方文化中最早的网格图示,但这也限制了我们以某种有趣的方式,你们也许从来没有想过的方式创作,相对其他文化中音乐创作的过程而言
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Oddly, it's much more like going to a jazz concert where the audience is sitting maybe around tables or something like that and encouraging and interacting with the performers but again in those cultures no notation.
非常奇怪,这很像爵士音乐会的场面,观众们为鼓励演奏者而围坐在桌边,或围着别的什么的,并和演奏者积极互动,而这些文化中都没有记谱法
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The great architect, the thinker is the composer and the performer, the violinist, gets this piece of-- gets this blueprint or black print in the case of musical notation and is expected simply to replicate the black print.
伟大的建筑师,构想者,是作曲家,而演奏者,比如小提琴手,拿到这张,拿到这张蓝图之后,对音乐记谱法来说该叫,黑图,他只是被要求简单地把黑图复制出来
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So having said that about musical notation-- something about a cautionary tale about musical notation-- we should think about how it affects the way we compose music in the West and how we perform music in the West.
讲完记谱法的一些,足以为戒的故事之后,我们也该想一下,它是如何影响西方音乐的作曲方式的,以及如何影响西方音乐的演奏方式
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Musical notation is a particularly Western phenomenon and when you stop and think about it only we in the West, and by West what I mean is the United States and Canada and Western Europe and Russia, parts of South America, only we use musical notation and we use it principally for our high art music.
音乐记谱法是西方所特有的,你可以停下好好想想,只有我们这些土生土长的西方人,所谓西方,我指的是美国,加拿大,还有西欧和俄罗斯,包括一部分南美国家,只有我们使用音乐记谱法,并且我们把音乐记谱法应用于高雅音乐
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Well,if you go back to the formation of musical notation from the ninth through the twelfth centuries we see that very early on these two dimensions of music the two axes of music that we talked about before pitch vertically and duration horizontally, are in place and we have these spots in this grid.
回顾一下从公元九世纪至二十世纪,音乐记谱法的历史形成过程,我们可以看出,音乐的两个维度,就是我们之前提到的音乐的两个轴,纵轴是音高,横轴是时值,在早期已经存在了,我们在这样的网格上用点记录
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