if we can't think what system it belongs to, that's tantamount to saying we really don't know what it is.

我们就不知道它从属于哪个符号系统，我们就不能认识它了。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

One is because we understand the bone marrow system so much better than we understand all the other stem cell systems.

一个原因就是我们对骨髓系统的认识,远高于其他干细胞系统

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Then we realize once again that we can only know what it is if we come to understand--in this case, probably, it's best to say a cultural system, understood as a semiosis, within which it appears.

这样我们就又明白了,只有在一个特定的文化系统中,我们才能认识一个符号。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

I think they should actually show us a little bit more about how we can understand the organization of the things around us and within us as systems of signs.

我认为这个问题值得继续思考,我们怎样认识我们周围的事物？,我们怎样认识周围的符号系统。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

The immune system that we're used to thinking about is called the adaptive immune system, and the adaptive immune system does just that.

我们过去认识的免疫系统部分,现在被称为获得性免疫系统,获得性免疫系统功能如下

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I think the more we think about it, the more we realize that we only know what it is if we know the system that it belongs to, which is to say, all of the things related to it which it is not. Right?

你们越仔细想这一点，就越明白，我们只有知道事物所属的符号系统,才能认识事物，所有事物都是和同一符号系统中的反面相关的？

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选