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The work that goes on at the Center for Educational Computing Innovations really falls into three Different intersecting areas.
教育主动性计算机研究中心,的研究工作主要可以归为,三个不同的领域。
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And just as a fun aside, we also realized as computer scientists that sometimes technology is not the answer.
抛开趣味性不提，我们意识到作一个,计算机科学家来说技术,并不是我们要的最终答案。
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People tend to think, because the computer says it's so, it must be so. That the computer is- speaks for God. And therefore it's infallible.
那么一定就是这么回事了,他们认为计算机代表着神一样的存在-,因此是不可能犯错的。
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And the answer is, unlike many, unlike commercially generated computers, the brain works through parallel processing, massively parallel distributed processing.
问题的答案是这样的,与出于商业目的而制造的计算机不同,大脑采用并行加工的方式处理信息,采用广泛分布的并行加工
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This is a center that cut across all of the MIT's Schools and departments, and tries to undertake innovative research in how different technologies, computer technologies, and communicational technologies can be used in educational settings.
这个中心的研究贯穿于,所有麻省理工的院系,研究不同的技术，计算机技术,通讯技术等,如何能够被不同地应用于,教育领域。
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One of the perhaps easiest ones to put your finger on is what if the computer is out of memory?
一个可能的情况是,计算机的内存不足？
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The process to control it is intriguing and interesting but the heart of the computer is simply this notion that we build our descriptions, our recipes, on a sequence of primitive instructions.
这个控制它的过程很耐人寻味，很有意思,但是计算机的核心仅仅只是,我们在初始指令序列上，建造描述、方法的一个概念罢了。
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It's 33, 32, it's only 32 times and you can check that math at home but here lies the power of algorithmic thinking, of computational thinking as they say.
你需要33，32，对，32次,你也可以在家里自己计算，但数学算法的力量是无穷的，这就是科学家们所谓的计算机思维。
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But really, the computer's just so fast I'm drawing the same string with just a slightly different number again and again after going to sleep one second at a time.
但是真实地，这个计算机到现在为止,我一次又一次用稍微不同的数字,绘画了相同的字符串,在睡眠1秒钟之后。
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And they were kind enough to send us this magnetic tank which we'll call forth from the computer solutions to a series of problems that would occur on a simulated flight to the planet Saturn.
他们很友善，送给我们这个有磁性的水槽,用于计算机解决一系列,土星模拟飞行中,可能出现的问题。
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You cannot just tell the computer to enhance that or can you clean that up and then magically use zoom in not only on the image but also on the reflection of the victim in someone's eyeball.
你不能直接要求计算机增强,这张图片或者修复它,然后期待计算机很神奇地放大图片,以及死者的眼珠的反光。
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And I want to stress this, we're going to come back to it later on in the term, so the way I'd like you to think about it for now, is that somewhere in the machine, there's a big space that contains all possible values.
我想要强调一点，我们在晚些时候,还会回头来讲这一点，因此现在,我需要你们形成这么一个观点，就是在计算机的某处，有一个包含了所有可能值的,很大的空间，好。
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As I said, our strategic goal, our tactical goals, are to help you think like a computer scientist.
如同我已经提过的，我们的关键目标和战略目标都是为了,帮助你像一个计算机科学家一样思考。
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Computers smart though they may be and intimidating though they may be, they cannot yet think for themselves.
计算机可能是智能的,也可能是可怕的，但计算机还不具备自我思考的能力。
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So if we look at what we've got here, we've got something rather peculiar, right? What's peculiar about what this computer is now printing for us?
那么如果我们看看，现在我们得到的，结果的话，结果相当奇怪,对不对？计算机现在显示的结果？
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And so I was collecting from friends and colleagues' computers all sorts of logs that monitored the kind of low level activity that was happening on their computer.
因此我从朋友和,同事的计算机上收集各种各样的日志,这些日志用来监控,他们计算机中的低能级活动。
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up employing something called programming, the act of constructing, telling a computer to do your bidding.
你们会使用一种叫做程序设计的方法，或称之为构建，即让计算机去执行你的命令。
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And the second thing we're going to need, is we're going to need a way to give instructions to the computer to manipulate that data.
我们需要的第二件事情是，我们需要一种,能给予计算机指令,以操作数据的方式。
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I mean, you grew up in an age when computers were blazingly fast, and have tons of memory, so why in the world do you care about efficiency?
我的意思是你们是伴随着,计算机快速发展成长的，计算机都有这么大的内存,那还在乎效率干嘛呢？
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What that means, in a stored-program computer, is that I can provide to the computer a sequence of instructions describing the process I want it to execute.
它的意思就是说，我可以给一个存储程序计算机,提供一系列,描述我希望,能执行的过程的指令。
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Well, that suggests that you were not using memory correctly and so we'll tease apart today exactly what it means to navigate inside of a computer by way of memory and we'll also touch on over time what are some of the evils that might happen.
嗯，那表示你没有正确地使用内存,我们将详细讨论,怎样操纵计算机的内存,以后，我们还将提及,可能发生的有害的操作。
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The paradox then is how do you create such a fast computer with such slow stuff?
那么这里的悖论就是,你是如何用传输如此缓慢的材料,制造出反应如此迅速的计算机的
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And that's when things really get interesting and so this just hints at the types of thinking that one can derive from the field of computer science and apply either to the field itself of computer science, or whatever domain it is that you are here too study.
这样就开始有意思起来了,这仅仅是我们从计算机科学领域,获得的一些思维方式上的启示,这种思维方式不仅适用于计算机科学本身，也同样可以应用在其他的学习领域。
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Now this is a rain gauge, and it's sitting on a roof of a building, and when the water falls into this gauge, it sends a signal to the logic unit of the computer, which immediately notifies the memory bank of the computer to seek out its instructions for a rainy day.
这是一个雨量测量器，安装在一个楼房的,屋顶上，当水流入到这个测量器，它就给计算机的逻辑部件发送一个信号，计算机立即通知内存条,为下雨天找出相应的指令。
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There's a whole lot of research and this is research, some of which takes place outside psychology departments and in engineering departments and computer science departments, trying to figure out how a computer can do the same things brains can do.
已经存在大量的研究,这其中有些并非是心理学研究人员所做,而是由工程学,以及计算机科学的研究人员所完成的,这些研究试图去探索,计算机究竟如何才能像大脑那样去运行
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That's the question we're going to try and address. If we can do this, this is good, because first of all, it removes any questions about what machine I'm running on, it's talking about fundamentally, how hard is this problem, and the second thing is, it is going to do it specifically in terms of the input. Which is one of the things that I was worried about.
这是一个我们接下来要去,尝试和解决的问题，如果我们能做到的话会很不错，因为首先，它解决了结果可能和我,运行的计算机有关系的问题，因为这从根本了告诉了，我们这个问题的复杂度，第二件事情,就是这种方法可以依据输入的大小来计算,而这正是我最担心的地方。
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If unfamiliar, these are the mechanical computer devices that you have to use to buy a ticket on the T these days and there was one of these really awkward but touching situations where it was clear that this woman had no idea, you know, what to do, how to get from here to here, and I could see her just staring at the turnstiles that you're supposed to go through to get into the subway.
如果不熟悉，这是机械计算机设备,当今你必须使用它们来买地铁票,它们实在是难操作的,这个令人同情的情况是,明显这位老太太不知道怎样操作，怎样从这一步到那一步,我看见她只是凝视着,地铁的栅门口。
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It turns out that in a lot of languages, C included, you the programmer knowing a bit about how the computer works and the language works, can exercise more fine-grained control.
结果在包括C语言的很多语言当中，你作为一个程序员懂得了一些计算机的工作方式,和语言的处理方式，可以更精确地控制运用它。
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So now, in this case, this code is going to, when we get here, check, and if you haven't seen that strange thing there, that exclamation point in bang computer-ese called a bang, it says x if ANS star ANS is not equal to x, all right?
那么现在，在这个例子中，当我们执行到这里，代码会去检查,如果你没有看到过这个奇怪的东西,这个感叹号在计算机学中被叫做,代码的意思是如果ANS的平方不等于？
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