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Everything derives now in this historical moment from human consciousness, and all concepts of whatever kind can be understood in that light.
历史中的一切都来自于人类的意识，但是所有的概念都可以以这种方式被理解。
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A Christmas tree, in other words, is a sign that can only be understood intelligibly in terms of a certain cultural understanding.
也就是说，它仅仅用于，也仅仅在一定的文化背景中,才能有意义，被理解。
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So, people in the chemistry community and in the physics community had this general feeling that the theoretical structure of the entire universe was pretty well understood.
在化学界和物理学界,人们都觉得描述,整个宇宙的理论框架,已经被很好的理解了。
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You're hiding something from yourself, and once you know what's going on to deeper phenomena your problems will go away.
这些冲突被你压抑起来，一旦你理解了更深层次的冲突究竟是什么,你的问题便会得到解决。
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Is the mind to be understood in terms of this immaterial object, the soul? So are there two kinds of things?
难道心灵必须得被理解为,一种非物质客体,也就是灵魂吗,这两种东西是一样的吗
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It's a very complicated situation because the kind of economic risks that we face are difficult for most people to understand.
一个很复杂的情况是,我们所面临的经济风险,很难被大众完全理解。
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And let's keep in mind Frost's own wish to create a poetry that would reach ordinary people and would reach all kinds and sorts.
我们要记住弗罗斯特想,写出更够被普通大众所理解的,被广为接受的诗歌的愿望。
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Art" here is not to be understood also as the antithesis of science, as when we speak of the arts and the sciences.
艺术“在这里不能被理解为,科学的对立面，而艺术和科学经常被我们对立而谈。
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So are Deuteronomy's legal traditions a direct response to or modification of the laws in Exodus and Numbers, or are they best understood as just different, independent formulations of a common legal tradition?
那么申命记中的律法是对出埃及和民数记中,律法的直接回应，或者它们最好被理解为,一种不同的，独立的对一般律法的,表现形式？
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What I am interested in here, and I think what a lot of readers are interested in when they approach Areopagitica, is why this treatise, why it can so easily be read as an argument against censorship.
我感兴趣的是，也是我觉得很多读者应该感兴趣的是,当他们阅读《论出版自由》时，到底是什么允许了，为什么这本著作这么容易就被理解为在批判控制。
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And they're hard to understand because they're linguistic.
它们很难被理解,因为它们有语言性。
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Now the question is "how does it expand" and "why is it so difficult for us to understand, accept, assimilate and live according to the fact that we can make a difference, if we understand that what we need to understand is how change happens.
问题是“它如何扩大“,以及为什么我们难以理解，我们能够做出改变这个事实,并接受，被同化以及据此生活，如果我们能了解我们需要理解的,是改变如何发生。
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On the contrary, philosophy properly understood is what comes into being when one has achieved full recognition of a preexisting error.
相反，被适当地理解的哲学正是在,对前有的错误有了完整认知的时候所形成的。
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It is not a world in which language can be understood as somehow or another a means of expressing thought.
在索绪尔眼中的世界，语言不能被理解为,表达思想的方式。
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That is to say, it is not a system of signs understood as stable relationships between a concept world and a world of signifying.
也就是说，它不是一个符号系统，这个符号系统被理解为,概念世界和指示世界间的稳定的关系。
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The literary creator starts to seem a lot more like the divine creator, that is to say, and in a certain sense could be understood as a placeholder for the divine creator.
这些作者越来越被神化了，换句话说，在一定意义上,就被理解为神圣造物主的预留的位置。
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That is the fundamental idea that may seem simple and obvious to you, but it certainly wasn't back when the idea first came up.
刚才讲的就是最基本的概念,可能看起来比较简单明显,但这些概念刚出现时并不被广泛理解
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But how did Plato intend this dialogue to be understood? Note that Socrates never defends himself by reference to the doctrine of unlimited free speech.
但柏拉图到底想要这场辩证,如何被理解呢？请注意,苏格拉底的自辩从未援引,无限自由言论学说。
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So suicide is both immoral on the one hand and never makes sense.
自杀是不道德且不被人理解的。
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They're both experiments designed to tap an appreciation of false belief.
这两个实验都是被设计来,探究对错误信念的理解的
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And it's possible that children kind of got overwhelmed with it, and when asked what would the mother think, who the mother would think stole the food, responded with who really stole the food.
儿童很可能无法理解这一情境,当被问及妈妈是怎么认为的,妈妈会认为是谁偷了食物,儿童会指出那些真正偷窃食物的人
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Then we read, or at least we think we read, that Satan's spear is small, and then we realize over the course of this reading process that Satan's spear is unimaginable, and we realize that our time-bound mode of knowing is ultimately inadequate to understand anything about the inscrutable truths of eternity: this is according to Fish.
然后又读到，至少我们认为读到，撒旦的长矛又很小，接着我们意识到了在阅读的过程中,撒旦的长矛实际上是不可想象的，并且我们被特定时代拘束的理解模式,是不足以理解任何,有关永恒的难以预测的真相的：,这是费什告诉我们的道理。
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That would have been an understandable position to come to in the fourteenth century, but it would have been wrong.
那可能就是能被14世纪的人们,所理解的解释,但它有可能是错的
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This is true even of seemingly identical signs, because each has its use value and is only intelligible as that which it exists to mean in a certain context.
看着相同的符号也是如此，因为每一个符号都有自己的价值,只有当它出现在某一语境中才能被理解。
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I just like it or I just don't like it according to principles that can be understood as arising from the faculty of judgment and not from the faculty of the understanding, which is appetitive, and the faculty of reason, which is moral.
我只是根据原则来判断喜欢还是不喜欢,这也可以被理解为从判断力出发,而不是从本能的理解力，或是道德上的理性出发。
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It could be that even though the general claim, "It takes one to know one" Is false, the particular claim, "Eternal, non-physical can only be grasped by the eternal, non-physical," Maybe that particular claim is true.
即使一般来说,同类互知这个观点是错的,但它的特例,也就是永恒的非现实的东西只能被永恒的,非现实的东西所理解,这可能是对的
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It wasn't caused by the Fed's sudden tightening against inflation. It was different it was this recession was not understood not anticipated; the Fed came in late to cut interest rates to try to prevent it from being worse because it just didn't seem to have any reason for happening.
它不是由于美联储对通货膨胀的,突然紧缩政策造成的，它不同之处在于,这个经济衰退没有被理解，没有事先准备好；,美联储试图阻止它恶化而,降低利率为时已晚，因为,它似乎看起来没有任何理由发生。
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Every aspect of the structure of the text can be understood as having a function.
文本结构的每一方面都能被理解为,有特定的功能。
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In the meantime, Trotsky's book is a shot fired across the bow of those forms of "aestheticism"--quote, unquote -which can be understood as self-involved, self-preoccupied, and indifferent to history and class struggle.
同时，托洛斯基的攻击唯美主义,他这样评价，它,唯美主义可以被理解为一种纯粹的自我欣赏，漠视历史和阶级斗争。
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As we'll learn from Jakobson next week, literature can be understood--or what he calls the study of literature, "poetics"--can be understood as a subfield of semiotics, but semiotics is not in itself a literary theory.
下周我们学雅各布森的时候也会看到，文学可以被理解为，诗学，即符号学的一个分支，但是符号学不是文学理论。
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