It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.

作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Making use of only our own reasoning, as opposed to whatever answers we might be given by divine revealed authority.

只用你自己的推测，与所有答案截然相反,我们可能被授予神圣的权威。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选