So, now you have a single molecule, very large molecule, with not just two binding sites but with ten binding sites.

所以如果你体内有一个细胞,一个体积很大的细胞,细胞表面不只有两个抗原结合位点,而有十个抗原结合位点

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So, these are better at binding to antigen because they have more binding sites on them.

连接抗体是对付抗原的有效方法,因为抗体表面将会有更多的抗原结合位点

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So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.

所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞

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In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.

在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子

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When the ligand is present it binds to the receptor outside the cell and it activates this G-protein.

当配体存在并与细胞表面的受体结合时,就会激活G蛋白

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They also have binding sites for antigen, but they are sort of two IgG type molecules bound together by another peptide chain.

同样IgA抗体表面也有与抗原结合位点,但它们就像两个IgG型分子,通过肽链相互连接

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Well, one way to think about is they have more antigen binding sites and so they're going to be more efficient at neutralizing the pathogen on a per-molecule basis than IgG is.

可以这么考虑,因为IgM表面有更多的抗原结合位点,所以相对于IgG,IgM在分子层面上,能够更为有效地与病原体结合

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One of the other things that MHC1 does, in addition to marking yourselves as your own, is that it's capable of making combinations with all the different molecules that are present inside the cell and expressing them on the surface, and sort of showing them to the outside world.

HC1的另一项功能,除了给你标记一个独一无二的标签以外,MHC可以和细胞内所有不同的,分子结合 使其能够呈现在细胞表面,使其暴露于外界

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