As a matter of fact,there might not even be a benchmark against which you can measure results and you'd think about the venture capital world.

事实上,甚至也许没有一个指标,能用来衡量这些市场的投资结果,想想风险投资领域

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

We also need some measure of-- We've been talking here about measures of central tendency only and in finance we need, as well, measures of dispersion, which is how much something varies.

我们也需要其他的指标,目前为止,我们只讨论了集中趋势指标,在金融学中,我们同样需要,离散趋势指标以衡量参数的变化程度

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So you see what it is--it's a measure of how much x deviates from the mean, but it's squared.

你会看到,这个指标,衡量的是x与平均值的偏离,而且这里有个平方

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选