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Behaviorism is a school of thought that was there long before Skinner, championed by psychologists like John Watson, for instance.
行为主义学派,远在斯金纳提出他的理论之前就已经存在，受到了众多心理学家的拥护,比如约翰·华生。
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We use our minds and our behaviors and our actions continually to try to trick people into believing what's not true.
我们不断地利用我们的心理,行为和动作,去哄骗他人相信那些虚假的事情。
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He's also interested in behavioral finance, which is the application of psychology to finance.
他还对行为金融学感兴趣,也就是心理学在金融上的应用
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Your natural defenses that might provide some kind of a buffer between a commercial message and your behavior, you have a filter, a screen that helps you interpret these message.
人天生的防御心理能够,为商业信息和人类行为之间提供缓冲,电视屏幕像一个过滤器那样,隔离了人和商业信息
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And in this quest for what is best, positive psychology does not rely on wishful thinking, self-deception,or hand waving; instead,it tries to adapt what is best in the scientific method to the unique problems that human behavior presents " in all its complexity."
在追求理想状态时，积极心理学不会盲目主观，或自欺欺人;,相反，它尝试用最科学的方法来探究,极其复杂的人类行为所表现出来的,特殊问题“
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Freud studied the mind and the brain and was intensely interested in the neural basis of thought and behavior.
弗洛伊德研究心理和大脑,并对思想和行为的神经基础,有着浓厚的兴趣。
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There is social, which is the study of how people act in groups, how people act with other people.
还有社会心理学,主要研究人类的群体行为,如何与他人交流
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Now, according to sort of a simple-minded view of operant conditioning in behaviorist psychology, the children you reward should do it more.
根据简单的,行为心理学的操作性条件反射观点来看，拿到奖励的小孩应该会画更多画。
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So today and Monday we're going to talk about two very big ideas and these ideas are associated with Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner and are psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
所以在今天和星期一,我们将学习两大心理理论,其代表人物分别是,西格蒙特·弗洛伊德和,伯尔赫斯·弗雷德里克·斯金纳,这两个理论便是精神分析理论,和行为主义理论。
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As far as I know, Skinner and Skinnerian psychologists were never directly involved in the creation of prisons.
据我所知，斯金纳和斯金纳行为主义心理学家们,从未直接参与过监狱的创建。
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So, behaviorism as a dominant intellectual field has faded, but it still leaves behind an important legacy and it still stands as one of the major contributions of twentieth century psychology.
虽然行为主义的统治地位已经不复存在，但它仍留给了我们许多重要的遗产,行为主义也仍然是,二十世纪心理学发展的主要贡献之一。
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Because in your mind you're putting tickets and cash in different mental accounts, the mental account "Tickets" generates an emotional feeling and it changes my action-- that I lost in that account.
因为在你的心里,你会把票和现金,归为两个不同的心理账户，票的那个账户“,产生了一种感性的情绪,这种情绪改变了我的行为-,让我觉得迷惑。
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So, what they do now though, and we'll talk about this much later in the course but one cure for phobias does draw upon, in a more intelligent way, the behaviorist literature.
而如今治疗恐惧症的方法，我们会在后面讲到临床心理学的时候,人们依据行为主义的文献，从一种更加聪明的角度出发，提出了一种恐惧症治疗方法。
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And this is again an extraordinary example of how the brain can give rise to the mind, and how things that go wrong with the brain can affect you in a serious way.
这又是一个说明大脑如何引起心理的,非常典型的例子,并且说明了大脑的损伤,将会严重影响我们的日常行为
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A second aspect of behaviorism was anti-mentalism.
行为主义的第二个观点,是反心理主义。
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And what I mean by this is the behaviorists were obsessed with the idea of doing science and they felt, largely in reaction to Freud, that claims about internal mental states like desires, wishes, goals, emotions and so on, are unscientific.
我的意思是,行为主义者沉迷于“科学“的理念之中,难以自拔,他们主要针对的是弗洛依德，他们认为那些所谓的内在心理状态,如欲望，意愿，目标，情感等等，都是不科学的。
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Next week, social thought and social behavior, mysteries; basically, a series of topics that don't fit anywhere in the course and really make psychologists scratch their heads.
下节课我们将会讲社会思想,社会行为，神话;,基本上这一连串的话题,在本课程中属于杂七杂八的,而且让心理学家百思不得其解的。
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These people left the lab having learnt about themselves that they'll kill another person if someone tells them to, and as psychologists I don't think we have any right to do that to people.
这些电击者离开实验时发现,如果有人叫他们去杀人，他们真的会杀，作为心理学家,我们没权对他人做出这种行为。
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And then later on the kid's going to say, " "I want to do it again" and you say no and the kid keeps asking because you've put it, well, put it as in a psychological way, not the way the behaviorists would put it.
这样以后，孩子还是会说，“我还想和你一起睡,你说不行,然后孩子就不停的问你,从心理学的角度来看，这是因为，你并未采取行为主义者们会采取的方法。
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And this is one of the most influential intellectual documents ever written in psychology because it took the entire discipline of behaviorism and, more than everything else, more than any other event, could be said to have destroyed it or ended it as a dominant intellectual endeavor.
这是心理学论文之中,最有影响力最出色的文献之一,因为相较于其他批判,这篇文章作为一种完全理性的尝试，可以说完全摧毁,或是终结了行为主义学派。
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The study of what you don't need your brain to do has often drawn upon this weird methodology where— This was actually done in France a lot where they would decapitate people and when— After they decapitated people, psychologists would rush to the body of the headless person and sort of just test out reflexes and stuff like that.
对那些无需大脑参与行为的研究,经常会用到一种古怪的研究方法,实际上这种研究曾在法国出现过多次,因为在法国,犯人会遭到斩首,当犯人遭到斩首后,心理学家们会冲到无头躯体那里,检验躯体的反射行为,以及一些其他的行为
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