Another approach which is still investigational, in that it's being tried for many diseases but not yet clinically used in any particular one, is maybe you don't need to introduce a whole virus or pieces of a protein at all.

另一种方法目前仍处于试验阶段,该方法即将试用于许多疾病,但还没有对某一特定疾病进行临床试验,那就是无需引入整个病毒,或者根本不用引入蛋白质片段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If the immune system recognizes only small pieces of the virus and mounts an immune response to that, how about if I just take these pieces of a virus like some structural subunit, some piece of protein and use that as a vaccine?

如果免疫系统识别出病毒的一小段,就可以诱发起免疫应答,那么如果我仅用一小部分病毒,比如一些结构性亚基 一些蛋白质的片段,来作为疫苗的话,会如何呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They're not whole genomes, but they're some small piece of DNA maybe the size of a protein.

不是整个基因组,而是小的DNA片段,但也许与蛋白质分子一样大

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One of the forms of processing that happens, that's very important in human gene expression is that some of the sections of the DNA molecule are not really necessary for describing the protein.

在人类的基因表达中,有一种非常重要的加工形式,那就是在DNA分子中有一些片段,对于编码蛋白质而言毫无用处

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选