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We had deposit insurance starting in The Great Depression and that's been very important; it's now in every country.
存款保险始于大萧条时期,一直发挥着重要作用,现在遍布各个国家
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And so, when we took a field trip to go see the SF Chronicle, it was really, really sad.
我们去《旧金山纪事报》的报社看过，发现他们真的很萧条。
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There is no better time to start a new company or a new idea than a depression or recession because a lot of the management teams were being asked to leave.
金融衰退和大萧条是,建立一个公司或是发展一个新想法的最好时机,因为很多管理团队都被辞退了。
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Now, I think that ultimately--interestingly enough, Los Angeles had a real estate boom and bust in the 1880s; that's hard to believe.
现在,我认为这非常有意思,19世纪80年代洛杉矶经历了房地产的,繁荣和萧条,这难以置信
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It was affected by the major American depressions of 1837, 1857, but not as much as the North.
棉花产量只在两次美国经济大萧条时期,1837年57年受到影响,但损失远不及北方
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General Electric ironically was started right after the Great Deleveraging of 1873 that was the bubble before the depression that was just like this one.
通用电气则恰好是在1873年,对冲基金拆仓后产生的,而那正是萧条来临前的泡沫时期。
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So then we have to move onto the next question what did end the Great Depression?
现在我们进行下一个问题,究竟什么结束了大萧条？
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During the Depression, people were willing to have their tooth pulled for only $4,500.
大萧条时期，人们愿意为了区区4500美元拔掉自己的牙。
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And believe me, make sure that your government does not cut your public sector in a downturn.
相信我，千万不要让政府在萧条期削减你们的公共交通。
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because the prices are just crazy even with the recession.
因为价格太贵了，甚至在萧条的时候也是。
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We did that during the Great Depression, when it suddenly seemed like we really needed to do something.
是在大萧条时期开始实行的，因为当时我们突然发现,确实该做点什么了。
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As I mentioned earlier it would lead, of course, to big cycles of boom and bust.
正如我之前提到它的导致,当然,经济繁荣与萧条的大循环
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But then the U.S. crashed into a huge well actually it was as worldwide recession of 1981-2.This was the biggest recession since The Great Depression.
但是之后，美国卷进了一个巨大的,事实上，是个世界范围内的经济衰退,于1981-1982年，这是自从大萧条以来,最严重的一次经济衰退。
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This proposal, if implemented, might be the biggest change since The Great Depression.
这个计划如果能实现，将成为自大萧条以来就彻底的变革。
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Then we said, what's the deadest market in the United States?
然后我们问,美国最萧条的市场是哪里
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We had an extraordinarily high price-to-earnings ratio representing a lot of optimism in the '20s for the stock market and then it corrected and went abruptly downward-- that was The Great Depression.
在二十年代,市盈率高得离奇,表现了当时人们对股票市场的乐观,当其得到修正并突然下跌时,大萧条便开始了
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The third is in all likelihood the New Deal, the Great Depression, the incredible emergencies and crises of what governments owe their people and people owe their governments that the Great Depression caused.
第三个时期是罗斯福新政时期,大萧条时期,难以置信的非常时期,此时 政府亏欠人民,同样人民也亏欠政府,这一切的危机都是大萧条所造成的
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The reason that countries dropped the gold standard was that under the effort to keep the currency convertible into gold they were worsening the depression of the 1930s.
这些国家放弃金本位制度,的原因在于，伴随着保持,货币与金子的转换功能,三十年代的大萧条正在被加深。
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Finally, getting it right to keep inflation low, keep that boom-bust cycle from coming back like it did, and you don't have to go, even go back so far period.
最终可以维持低通胀，打破繁荣与萧条的周期循环，这个已有先例，远的不说。
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Another big depression hit in 1857.
857年的经济大萧条
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A big depression hit in 1837.
837年的经济大萧条
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We don't have data on individual city basis but it really looks like the housing collapse price collapse--that we're going through now is on a magnitude not paralleled since The Great Depression of the 1930s.
我们没有每一个城市的数据,但是看起来似乎房价真的崩塌了,价格崩塌-现在我们正经历着,自从三十年代大萧条以来,史无前例的衰退。
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One recession after another.
经济萧条一个接一个。
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In other words there was not enough data on these things, in other words, with other conventional mortgages, you have data covering peace and war, prosperity and depression and so forth and you can follow these data back for decades.
换句话说,关于这些新增贷款没有足够数据，换种说法，和其他传统贷款相比，你有和平和战争时期的数据，有市场繁荣和萧条时的数据等等,你可以追述这些数据。
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It was The Depression. What was actually happening was, The Depression was killing these companies; they weren't making any money, but they didn't want to cut their dividends because they were afraid that if they cut the dividend people would be upset.
当时正处于大萧条时期,大萧条将这些公司逼上了绝路,他们赚不到钱,但是又不想降低股利,因为他们担心,一旦降低股利,人们就会不安
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The Fed has never given loans to anyone other than a depository institution that is a bank until last month, except they did so in the Depression.
上个月，联邦政府已经开始限制贷款业务,除了银行以外的其他金融机构,休想再放出一分钱的贷款，也就是在萧条时政府才会这么做。
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Let me mention a few administration economic proposals, all couched in terms of controlling cost and spurring growth, all linked in one way or another to the economic crisis that was started during the housing bust.
让我们谈谈,政府的一些经济策略，全都归于,控制成本和刺激增长的名下，全部都与,金融危机有关,都是在房产市场萧条时出台的。
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t the new deal, s over , by the unemployment is down to close to zero by the middle of the War.
如果不是新政，If，it，wasn’,萧条结束，it’,失业率也降低到接近零点,在二战中的时候。
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So many of our financial institutions were created in the 1930s because that was a time when everything was being shaken up and it was a time when people were willing to consider something really different.
由于大萧条时期的动荡,和对人们生活的冲击,人们便愿意想一些与以往不同的东西,所以自那时之后,大量的金融衍生工具如雨后春笋般的出现了。
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Segment three the Housing bust.
第三章，房地产市场的萧条。
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