So, that was a naturally occurring attenuated virus that could be produced into a vaccine that didn't cause the disease.

因为天花病毒存在天然的衰减病毒,这种衰减病毒可以用来,直接生产不致病的疫苗

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But unlike the Cowpox virus, vaccinea, that we talked about before, this is the real disease causing agent.

但是同我们之前曾讨论过的,牛痘病毒疫苗的不同之处在于,这是可以直接致病的病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, you couldn't introduce the live virus in because that would cause the disease not just immunity.

所以 不可以直接接种活体病毒,因为这会使人致病而不仅是引起免疫应答

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In the Sabin vaccine, or the oral polio vaccine, now you have a non-virulent virus.

在沙宾疫苗,即口服小儿麻痹症疫苗中,存在非致病性病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So maybe you could figure out how to use what we know about molecular biology, to engineer a new virus that's still immunogenic, but not pathogenic any longer.

也许你能指出如何使用,分子生物学的有关知识,来设计一个既能产生免疫性,但又不再有致病性的新病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, you cross link all the proteins in the virus, and you make a particle that looks like a virus but it can't act like a virus any longer because it can't replicate.

当病毒中所有的蛋白质交联后,就得到了一种看上去像病毒,却无法致病的病毒,因为这种病毒不能进行复制

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选