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Robert Nozick, one of the libertarian philosophers we read for this course, puts it this way: Individuals have rights.
罗伯特·诺齐克，本课涉及到的一位自由主义哲学家,是这样说的：,个人有权利。
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But there are a lot of like artists and more like liberal people, and it's a very relaxed place to be.
但是那儿有许多艺术家和一些自由主义者，所以那里是一个很让人放松的地方。
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Now, underlying the libertarian's case for the minimal state is a worry about coercion, but what's wrong with coercion?
在自由主义者的“小政府“概念中,隐含着对强迫的担忧，强迫有什么问题呢？
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He called the North a, quote, "Happy state of mediocrity, a hardy race of free, independent republicans."
他说北方是,"快乐的平庸之地,这里住着一群自由独立的共和主义者"
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And yet for others, he opened the door to John Locke and the liberal theory of government.
对其他人而言，他却为洛克的思想,以及政府自由主义理论开创了先河。
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And there's a huge campaign against the Liberals,because of that.
也因为这件事情,兴起了大量反自由主义者的运动
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The idea that emerged the memory of the '81-82 recession is very strong in our imagination because we think that it was caused by lax monetary policy by liberal thinking by the soft-hearted liberals who just didn't want to create any pain and suffering.
出现的观点,在我们的想象中,81-82年的经济衰退很严重,因为我们认为它是由于,松懈的货币政策，不拘一格的思想,那些仁慈的不想制造任何痛苦和疲劳的,自由主义者引发的。
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Well, there are three things that most modern states do that on the libertarian theory of rights are illegitimate or unjust.
大部分当代政府所做的三种事,在自由主义理论看来是不合法,不公正的。
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So what this line of reasoning brings us to is the fundamental principle that underlies the libertarian case for rights.
这些推理把我们带回到,自由主义的权利主张,所隐含的基本原则。
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Other brave libertarians who are prepared to take on Yes, what's your name? - Julia Rotto.
还有没勇敢的自由主义者，准备应战,好，你叫什么名字，-朱莉娅·罗特。
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But we all know do we not that most contemporary political scientists tend to be liberals. Their values are liberal values.
但我们都知道，不是吗？最当代的,政治科学家倾向于是自由主义者,其价值观是自由主义的价值观。
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Now, how many agree with that argument, agree with the libertarian argument that redistribution for the sake of trying to help the poor is wrong?
有多少人同意自由主义者的这一驳论，认为为了帮助穷人,进行财富再分配不对？
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Now, you may say this doesn't amount to a very limited government, and the libertarian may complain Locke is not such a terrific ally after all.
现在或许你会说，这并不算真正有限的政府，而自由主义者会抱怨洛克并不算他们的好盟友。
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For many today, Hobbes' conception of the Leviathan state is synonymous with anti-liberal absolutism.
对今天许多的学者而言,霍布斯在《利维坦》中的政治主张,就是反自由主义之专制主义的代名词。
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Libertarian say that's also a violation of the right to liberty.
自由主义者说，这也违反了个人的自由权。
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All right, I want to quickly get the response of the libertarian team to the last point.
好的，我想迅速了解一下，自由主义之队,对最后一个观点的回应。
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It's theft because, or at least, in my opinion and by the libertarian opinion he earned that money fairly and it belongs to him.
这是盗窃是因为，至少在我看来,在自由主义者的观点看来,他公平地取得收入，这些收入都是属于他的。
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Now, I want to get your reactions to this third feature of the libertarian view.
我想听听你们对,自由主义第三种观点的态度。
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So what does libertarianism say about the role of government or of the state?
自由主义对于政府或国家的角色,有什么看法呢？
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This raises a question. Whether the relation between contemporary political science and liberalism is merely accidental or whether there is some intrinsic some necessary connection between them.
这导出一个问题，当代政治科学,与自由主义的关系仅是偶然,或之间，有些本质的,一些必然的,连结介于两者之间。
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On the face of it, Locke is a powerful ally of the libertarian.
表面上看，洛克是自由主义的强力盟友。
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So Joe I would say, what would you call yourself, a compassionate quasi-libertarian?
乔，你会如何称呼自己，慈悲的自由主义者吗？
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Remember Michael Jordan, Bill Gates, the libertarian objection to taxation for redistribution?
迈克尔·乔丹，比尔·盖茨的例子中，自由主义反对通过征税进行财富再分配？
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The strong rights theory we turn to today is libertarianism.
我们今天要讨论的权利理论是自由主义。
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All right, let's hear from defenders of libertarianism.
好，我们来听听自由主义者的辩护。
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In order to answer that question, which will decide Locke's fit with the libertarian view, we need to look closely at what legitimate government looks like for Locke, and we turn to that next time.
为了回答这个问题，即确定洛克到底是否自由主义盟友，我们得进一步研究洛克所指的合法政府是什么，下次再继续这个话题。
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This idea that no law can violate our right to life, liberty, and property would seem to support the idea of a government so limited that it would gladden the heart of the libertarian after all.
任何法律都不能侵犯生命自由和财产权的观点,似乎是支持“有限政府“这一观点的,这点无疑很讨自由主义者欢心。
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Toward the end of the discussion just now Victoria challenged the premise of this line of reasoning that's libertarian logic.
刚才，就在讨论即将结束之前,维多利亚质疑了,自由主义逻辑推理的前提。
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From this point of view, it would seem that Hobbes helps to establish the language of what we might think of as the liberal opposition to absolutism.
从这点来说，我们似乎可以看出,霍布斯建立了一种说法,就是我们所想的,对专制主义的自由对立。
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But in their worldview, the pro-slavery worldview, ideas like freedom and liberty were simply never absolutes, and many of them will directly reverse Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and simply say, "Nobody is born equal."
但是在他们的世界观中,亲奴主义者的世界观中,自由和解放的理想永远不是绝对的,他们中许多人,直接颠覆了托马斯杰斐逊的独立宣言,他们说,没有人是生来平等的
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