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OK, clearly we'd be much better off if we had some systematic quantitative way to tell whether something would happen spontaneously.
好，如果我们有一些系统定量的方法来判断,一个过程是否会自发进行,那就会更好了。
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And it follows qualitatively from just your ordinary observations a bout the direction in which things go spontaneously, right.
定性地来说,就是你们日常生活中观察到,自发进行的物理现象,会有方向性。
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What we've done is take this spontaneous response to the creation of sound and bodily movement with sound and replaced it.
我们所做的就是,对于声音的产生以及身体随声音的活动,做出自发式的反馈,并且进行替换
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And so what this gave us was a very, very useful general criterion for determining whether something happened spontaneously.
这个告诉我们的是一个,非常非常一般的判据,他能帮助我们判断一个过程是否自发进行。
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But calculating it alone doesn't necessarily tell us whether or not it will just happened of its own accord.
但是计算这些物理量并不一定能够告诉我们,这些变化是否会自发的进行,而这正是我们想要做到的。
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That tells us the direction of spontaneous change for ordinary processes, chemical processes, mixing and you name it, under conditions that are easy to achieve in the lab.
这个物理量告诉我们在实验室,能够实现的条件下通常的过程，化学过程，混合以及你所能想到的过程，自发进行的方向。
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So now, now that we've got all three of the major laws of thermodynamics, what I want to start in on is a discussion of what happens spontaneously.
现在既然我们已经得到了,热力学的三个主要定理，我想现在开始讨论的是,什么过程会自发进行。
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In those cases, though, you'd have quite a reasonable equilibrium, spontaneously that is there would be a lot of reaction that went if you simply started under practical conditions and let it go.
你也会得到平衡，尽管在这种情况下你得到了一个,自发的，合理的平衡,这是在正常条件下进行的,许多化学反应的情况。
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We'll see that next time, and then we'll generalize in a broader sense to look at the direction in which spontaneous processes go. ?
我们下节课将讲述这方面的内容，然后会进一步推广到更广的意义上去,研究任何自发过程,的进行方向？
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So now we have a different sign for delta H and it still happens spontaneously.
现在自由焓的变化的符号不一样了,但是这个过程仍然自发的进行。
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Just to illustrate the kind of issues that we're up against here, let me just consider a few different chemical reactions, all of which happen spontaneously.
为了说明我们的观点,考虑一些，不同的化学反应，这些化学反应都是自发进行的。
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So here are some spontaneous chemical changes Here's one.
这有一些自发进行的化学反应,这一个。
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And yet, these things are all spontaneous processes.
然而，这些过程都是自发进行的。
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Now, we have addressed this in some cases.
是否可以自发进行。
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Does it happen of its own accord?
它能自发进行吗？
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if it's a reversible process then the equality holds, but if it's irreversible, which means it happens spontaneously, T then dS is greater than this.
对于可逆过程，等号成立，但是如果是不可逆过程，这些不可逆过程是自发进行的，那么dS大于dq除以。
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