I want to spend some time on that until we talk about-- before we talk about development of the polio vaccine.

我想多花些时间讨论这个问题,在我们讨论,在我们讨论脊髓灰质炎疫苗的发展之前

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If we looked in 1950, this is the incidence of paralytic, or the worst form of poliomyelitis in the U.S.

让我们回首一九五零年,这表示的是在美国因脊髓灰质炎,所致瘫痪的发生率

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you just introduced this polio virus, which you could make in large quantities into people now, you would be causing polio.

如果你直接接种脊髓灰质炎病毒,将大量的病毒直接接种到人体,就会引起小儿麻痹症

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, polio--the disease caused by polio can be a paralytic disease, crippling, and in some cases can lead to death if the disease progresses in certain ways.

小儿麻痹症便是由脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的,如果脊髓灰质炎发展到一定程度,患者不仅会瘫痪或者残疾,一些病例甚至可能死亡

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, it was something that parents before 1950 were very concerned about.

所以,在一九五零年之前,脊髓灰质炎是父母们十分担心的一种疾病

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

A group of scientists, mainly in Boston found, importantly, that they could cultivate the polio virus, the disease causing polio virus; they could cultivate it in cell culture.

在波士顿有一队科学家有了重大发现,他们可以培养脊髓灰质炎病毒,也是就引发小儿麻痹症的病毒,他们可以通过细胞培养来孵育这种病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In particular, we're going to focus in the beginning, on polio virus, which is another great success story, but where a very different approach to vaccine development was used.

特别地,在开始我们会关注脊髓灰质炎病毒,那是又一个成功的故事,但又与发现疫苗的过程不尽相同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We want to talk about that same concept today in terms of polio, which is a vaccine that is both made and manufactured in a different way than the smallpox vaccine.

今天我们以小儿麻痹症为例继续讨论疫苗,脊髓灰质炎疫苗的研制与,大规模生产方式同天花疫苗截然不同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If a case of polio emerged in the community, the chances that it could spread to other children or to your child were high; so, great interest in this in the early part of this century.

如果在某个社区出现一例脊髓灰质炎患儿,那么你的孩子或者更多别的孩子,被传染的几率非常高,所以 二十世纪初的科学家们,热衷于研究脊髓灰质炎

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选