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And it's always going to come down to calculating the appropriate free energy, and how it changes in the process.
这总是涉及到计算,适当的自由能，以及这些自由能在过程中如何变化。
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So you're going to be able to take a description of a problem and map it into something computational.
因此你们能拣出,一个问题的主要描述,并将其编成计算性的东西。
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Like how can you possibly figure that out with actually compelling a machine to do it for you and sure enough we chatted for a few moments, I kind of gently pointed out well it's kind of like problem 7 last year.
就好像去逼计算机为你做这件事,就能解决问题一样,我们确实谈过这个问题，我委婉地告诉他,这种情况与我们去年讲过问题7类似。
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If you looked at heteronuclear molecules and you wanted to compute the bond energy, you might start with the bond energies of the two constituents.
如果你看那些相同电子的分子,你想计算共享能，你也许会从,两个组成部分的总能量。
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And so we can actually think about how do we calculate what the dissociation energy should be for h 2, so let's go ahead and do this.
因此，我们其实可以想到应该如何计算,氢分子的离解能，那么我们开始做一下吧。
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You can still calculate the heat that's released. This is what will tell you under some particular conditions what will actually happen. Where will you end up.
你仍然可以计算放热,在特定条件这些下这些物理量,能告诉我们将会发生的事情。
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Now, I think it is plausible to suggest that unlike the case of chess-playing computers, we don't yet have machines that feel things.
现在,我想我们有理由认为,与象棋计算机的例子不同,我们现在还没有能感觉事物的机器
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If you have a computer that plays chess and you want to explain how the computer plays chess, it's impossible to do so without talking about the programs and mechanisms inside the computer.
如果你有一台能下国际象棋的计算机,你想要解释计算机是如何下国际象棋的，如果你不谈程序以及计算机的内部结构,那你就不能对它如何下国际象棋,给出解释。
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They would pull out your entire life history of contributions-- they had it because you had filed it all at the post office and everything was bureaucratic and efficient-- and they calculated, according to a formula, what you would get.
政府会取出你这一生的交保记录-,这是由你自己在邮局填写的,所有的一切都行之有效-,然后他们根据公式计算你能得到养老金。
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And as long as that smaller computation reduces to another smaller computation, eventually I ought to get to the place where I'm down in that base case.
如果我不属于基础事件,那么我需要把它简化为更简单的计算，随着计算的不断简化,最终我能分解成基础事件。
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So hopefully if some of you have your calculators with you, you can confirm the answer that I got, which is that the energy is 7.82 times 10 to the -19 joules.
所以如果你们带了计算器,希望你们也能确认一下，我们算出的答案，能量等于,7，82乘以10的-19次方焦耳。
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So those are in fact the patterns of zeroes and ones, the bytes that would have been outputted had I hello c remembered to download the compiler to this computer and run it on that little hello.c file.
这些都是0和1的模式，如果我记得下载编译器到计算机上的话,我们就能运行下这个,然后看看输出的字节。
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And the second thing we're going to need, is we're going to need a way to give instructions to the computer to manipulate that data.
我们需要的第二件事情是，我们需要一种,能给予计算机指令,以操作数据的方式。
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And knowing now how to calculate these free energies especially the Helmholtz and the Gibbs free energies,that's what's going to guide us in really calculating quantitatively, OK, where will equilibrium lie.
知道如何计算,这些自由能,尤其是亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能之后,这些数值计算就能告诉我们，平衡态到底是什么样子。
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And we can go through and calculate the value of this quantity in parenthesis. And, when we do so, we get the value 2.18 times 10 to the minus 18 joules.
我们能进行计算这些值,如果我们这样做，我们能算出是，2。18，乘以10，的负18焦耳。
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The natural inclination here is to say, "These computer programs, these robots are feeling emotion."
这边人们可以自然而然地说,这些计算机程序,这些机器人能感受情感
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z So in our first case, our first extreme case, would be that the z effective that is felt by electron number 1, is going to be plus 1.
被1号电子感知到的有效的，是+1所以,我们所能做的是计算出，我们从这个。
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What that means, in a stored-program computer, is that I can provide to the computer a sequence of instructions describing the process I want it to execute.
它的意思就是说，我可以给一个存储程序计算机,提供一系列,描述我希望,能执行的过程的指令。
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The closest it does is it would let you test.
它顶多能让你检查你的计算。
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We can tabulate them. We can know them, and then when we have reactions that inter-convert different compounds, we can calculate the heat of reaction is just the difference between the heat of formation of the reactants, and the heat of formation of the products, right.
种化合物的生成热，可以把它们列成表,可以认知它们，而当我们要处理，在不同化合物间转变的反应时,我们只要计算反应物和,生成物的生成热之间的不同,就能计算出反应热。
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So in principle, if I measure how much hotter, I can determine how much heat was produced, and from that, I should be able H to calculate delta H at T1.
所以原则上，如果我测量，变热了多少，我就能确定，有多少热被产生,从中我就可以计算T1下的Δ
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We should be able to calculate delta H.
应该能计算△H，它是个态函数。
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So with the problems, that is where you really will get your hands dirty and truly immerse yourself in this world of computer science and programming.
带着这些问题，你就能深入研究,这真的可以使你沉浸到计算机科学,和编程世界中。
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Well really, the things we've looked at thus far can you do after just a semester of this kind of material and exposure to this particular world.
当结束这样一门课时,你是不是能通过学习和接触计算机科学,也做出我们刚刚看到的这些东西。
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Right, the first skill we want you to acquire, is we want you to be able to use the basic tools of computational thinking to write small scale programs.
好，我想让你们掌握的第一个技能就是，希望你们能使用,计算思维的基本工具,来编写小规模的程序。
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But a point I'm trying to make is, it sounds like anymore computers have gotten so blazingly fast, why should you worry about it?
但是这里我要讲的一点是，在任何一台计算机,都能这么快的运算的情况下，我们还管效率这个问题干嘛呢？
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And on Friday in class, at the beginning of class, I'll go over just in all the detail you could possibly imagine everything you need where it is, what you do, what kind of calculators you can bring, which by the way are any calculator.
在周五那节课开始的时候，我会详细地告诉大家,你们所能想到的,在哪考，你要做什么，什么样的计算器可以带，顺便一提的是，什么样的计算器都可以。
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It's a capability that just tells the computer what to do.
语句能告诉计算机做什么。
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So on the left hand side of this particular languages environment I have some puzzle pieces and they are shaped and colored ; in a manner that hints out their functionality; any blocks that tell the Cat as we'll see in a moment, what to do something happen to be orange.
在这个程序语言界面的左手边有一些拼图,他们的形状和颜色代表他们的功能,我们马上就能看到;,任何一个给计算机发出指令的图块，都是橙色的。
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And if we talk about electrons or photoelectrons, again we can describe it in terms of energy, we can talk about velocity, and from there, of course, you can figure out the energy from 1/2 m v squared, and actually we can also describe the electron in terms of wavelength.
如果我们谈论电子或者光电子，我们又可以从能量的角度来描述它，我们可讨论速率，从那里，当然，你可以计算1/2，m，v2得出能量值，而且事实上我们也可以,从波长的角度来描述电子。
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