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The amount of work you've put in to get here depends on the path. It's not a function of state.
这些量就能,决定系统的状态了。
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That's important because one of the attributes of stem cells is that they remain at their site and capable of reproducing themselves.
这非常重要,因为干细胞的性质之一,就是它们能维持自身的状态,并能进行再分裂
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But the enforcement power, the right to punish, everyone can do the punishing in the state of nature.
而说到执行权，惩罚权，自然状态下人人都能实施惩罚权。
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You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.
可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。
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Because by hypothesis, the experience machine gets the mental states right, get the insides right.
因为根据假设，体验机器能让你获得良好的心理状态，获得正确的内在感知。
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Continual success," he writes in chapter 6, "continual success in obtaining those things which a man from time to time desireth is what is called happiness or felicity.
不断取得成功“，他在第六章中写到，“一个人对于时常想望的事物能不断取得成功,也就是处于不断繁荣昌盛状态时,就是人们所谓的福祉。
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And the drama of human life should revolve not around the search for eternal life but around the moral conflict and tension between a good god's design for creation and the free will of human beings that can corrupt that good design.
而关于人类生命的戏剧,不应该围绕于对永生的追寻,而是道德的冲突和紧张状态，在上帝创造的美好,和人类能腐蚀这种美好创造的自由意志间的冲突。
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Huxley points out, "How it is that anything so remarkable as a state of consciousness comes about as a result of irritating nervous tissue, is just as unaccountable as the appearance of the Djinn " - of the genie " when Aladdin rubs his lamp."
赫胥黎提出,"刺激人的神经组织,便能产生像意识状态这般奇异之物,这就好比阿拉丁一擦神灯,巨神灵就闪现出来一样魔幻,无法解释
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What makes the law surprising is that if I only gave you half the law, namely every body will remain at rest if it's not acted upon by a force, you will say, "That's fine. I accept that, because here's something, you leave it there, it doesn't move.
这条定律妙就妙在,如果只看定律的前半段,即,如果物体不受外力作用,将保持静止状态,你肯定会觉得,"这没什么,我能理解,因为你把一个物体放在那里,自己肯定不会动
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You've got to squeeze absolutely everything out of it, and so it was ideal from the standpoint of teaching and was, it seems to me, also wonderfully galvanizing intellectually because it really did make people think: "look how intricate what I thought was simple turns out to be."
你得完完全全把东西都挤干净了，正因如此，从教学本身的立场来看，这就是理想状态了，而在我看来，它能使人如醍醐灌顶,因为它真的在引导人们思考：,“我想象得很复杂的东西原来是这么简单的一回事儿啊！“
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And for any of the other compounds. So in other words, by defining that reference state, we can then figure out or measure heats of formation of a vast number of compounds.
对吧？对于任何其他的,化合物也是一样，所以换句话讲，定义了这个参考状态,我们就能算出或测量许多。
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Rather than by forming an image or a picture you put electrodes on the surface of the body and measure the electrical potential as a function of position on the body.
它并不对人进行直接的造影,而是将电极放到身体表面,通过测量该位置电势能,表征该部位的生理状态
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The virus then can self-assemble, that is, you've made a lot of genetic material, you've made a lot of the structural pieces, there has to be some way that the virus can reassemble, repackage itself into active forms.
于是,病毒可以进行自组装了,也就是说,已经制造出大量的遗传物质,也制造出了大量蛋白质外壳,那么病毒就能通过某些方式,重新装配或者重新组合成活性状态
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If that protein is an enzyme then you've and you've switched it from an 'off' position where it's not catalyzing a reaction to an 'on' position where it is, you've changed the biochemical state of the cell, you've changed the chemical reactions that can occur within the cell, and you've changed its behavior.
如果这种蛋白是一种酶的话,你就能够将酶从无催化作用的静息态,激活至能催化反应的激活态,你改变了细胞的生化状态,也改变了细胞内发生的化学反应,改变了细胞的行为
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I told you once you know the free parameters, R0 and v0, you know everything about the future of the object.
一旦给定自由参量 R0 和 v0,你就能知道这个物体之后的运动状态
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In some sense, that's one reason to associate this as a kind of energy, H just like mechanical energy u or enthalpy H, it's the minimum free energy state that is the equilibrium state under the relevant conditions.
在某种意义下，这是我们把这些物理量称为能量的原因，就像机械能U和自由焓，具有最小自由能的状态在特定的条件下,就是平衡态。
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