They're making that because you need this protein insulin, it's a hormone, and it's important for sugar metabolism in your body.

它们产生胰岛素蛋白是因为你需要它,胰岛素是一种激素,它在糖代谢中起着非常重要的作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone, it's a protein hormone that circulates in all of our bodies and regulates glucose metabolism.

胰岛素是人体自身产生的一种激素,它是一种蛋白质激素,遍布全身,并调节糖代谢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, insulin is a protein, it's produced by cells in the pancreas, it circulates in your blood.

胰岛素是一种蛋白质,由胰腺细胞分泌,随着血液不断在体内循环

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I could cut that up into fragments, and I could search in these fragments to try to find the one that has the insulin gene on it.

我把那部分切成碎片,然后从中找到有胰岛素基因的那一段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But that's not all, that protein insulin is made in the form of a long polypeptide that not - that's not always the final version of the protein.

但这还没完,这个胰岛素蛋白刚翻译完成时,还是一段长多肽的形式,还不是蛋白质的最终形式

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

To make insulin, for example, your cells of your pancreas have to be transcribing that gene, it has to be processed, has to be translated into the protein insulin.

举例来说,如果要合成胰岛素,你的胰腺细胞必须先转录那一段基因,然后进行加工,继而翻译成为胰岛素蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Here's an example where we'd like to make insulin, or having the insulin gene would be useful, but if we could take the insulin gene and make many copies of the insulin protein that would be a very useful thing.

例子就是我们人工制造胰岛素,胰岛素基因就很有用,但如果我们可以用胰岛素基因,复制很多胰岛素蛋白,这将会是非常有裨益的一件事

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.

胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One way I could try to find the gene for human insulin is to take any cells from any of us, skin cells let's say, and I could identify where on the chromosomal DNA that insulin is likely to occur.

我能找到胰岛素基因的一个方法,是从任意一个人身上任意取一些细胞,比如说皮肤细胞,并且我知道胰岛素基因,可能出现在染色体DNA的哪一部分

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Well, what if you knew the sequence for the messenger RNA that made insulin and you designed another single stranded DNA or RNA molecule that was the exact opposite, or the exact compliment, I should say, of that strand?

那么,如果你知道了,合成胰岛素的mRNA的序列,并设计一段与其序列完全相反的,DNA或者RNA分子,应该说是完全互补的一段分子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

A section of DNA that is responsible for encoding a gene, let's say it's the insulin gene for example, might be some stretch of DNA on a certain chromosome inside your cells, inside the cells of the pancreas.

一段编码蛋白的DNA序列,我们就拿编码胰岛素的基因来举个例子,它也许是一段DNA基因序列,位于你胰腺细胞里的,某条染色体上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选