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The idea of having the liberty to say whatever comes to our lips sounds to Plato like a kind of blasphemy.
拥有随意脱口而出,自由的概念,听在柏拉图耳中却像是一种亵渎。
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Whereas in undergrad, I felt like, you're kind of, there was more freedom to do what you wanted,
而本科呢，我觉得，你更有自由做自己想做的事情，
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He writes home, "I do not intend to shirk now that there is really something to fight for; I mean freedom.
他在家书中道,"我不打算逃避,我必须为之一战,为自由而战
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And, it follows from him that political liberty means the freedom to act where the law is silent, as he says.
而他的政治自由意味着,我们可以在法律所认可的范畴内,享有充分的行动自由。
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But we've got free will, so there's got to be something more to us than just being a physical object.
而人有自由意志,所以在我们身上有着,超越物理实体的特质
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They're stuck to a surface that's provided by the environment that's around them, they're not swimming free in solution.
他们黏联在,周围环境的表面上,而不会在溶液中自由运动
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Now if he was too stupid to have it, then of course he would have been liberated into the realm of action.
如果他因为太愚昧而不能有这种幻想，那么当然他能自由行动。
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There is this real fear that large standing armies could ultimately compromise the rights of freeborn Englishmen.
他们所真正担心的是大量常备军,可能最终会危及到"生而自由"的英国人的权利
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Now, you may say this doesn't amount to a very limited government, and the libertarian may complain Locke is not such a terrific ally after all.
现在或许你会说，这并不算真正有限的政府，而自由主义者会抱怨洛克并不算他们的好盟友。
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I mean, they live in the house, they get fed,probably with everybody else, they work with the master; the difference being that they are slaves rather than free men.
他们住在奴隶主家,他们和大家一起吃饭,他们和主人一起耕作,唯一不同之处在于,他们是奴隶而不是自由人
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by Montgolfier in the late eighteenth century, and the balloon becomes a sort of symbol of perhaps liberty.
在十八世纪末发明的,而从此热气球也成了某种自由的象征
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And although you were a freedman, - which was lower in status than a free person-- - there were some privileges you couldn't have-- your children would be, if they were born after you'd been freed, would be free people, not freed.
虽然奴隶成为了自由人，自由人的社会地位低于自由民-,有一些权利无法享受-,自由人的孩子，如果是出生于奴隶被释放后的，则会成为自由民，而不是自由人。
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And suddenly there are dozens and dozens of competing expressions of religious truth, and so you have a new proliferation of new religions and new religious ideas that comes about as the immediate product of the freedom of the press.
突然有许多许多,与之相对抗的宗教真理，所以我们有了迅速增多的新的宗教,和新的宗教观念,随着出版自由而产生的产物。
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and trying to impose liberty through occupation is probably not going to work.
而试图通过占有获得自由,恐怕行不通。
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There is in us at least an element that is free, independent, serving nothing, autonomous.
我们的人性中至少还有一种元素，它是自由的，独立的，而且不依据其他事物存在而存在。
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In other words, liberty for the ancients was a collective good, the liberty, as he says, to resist or invade other people.
也就是说，古人的自由是集体的自由,是他们这个集体拥有抵抗和入侵他人的自由，而非每个个体。
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No physical object that's subject to determinism could have free will, so we don't have free will.
而遵循决定论的物理实体,是没有自由意志的,所以人没有自由意志
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And the thought, of course, is that the robot or the computer is a deterministic system and you can't have free will if you're a deterministic system.
那个想法,当然,是说机器人和电脑只是一种决定论的系统,而如果你是个决定论系统的话,就不可能有自由意志
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That's this powerful idea taken over from Locke by Jefferson in the Declaration.
这就是杰斐逊在《自由宣言》里所引用的,洛克的一个强而有力的主张。
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When they're through and had reached their peak, their notion of monarchy is something fit for barbarians, but not for Greeks. A free man may not live under a monarchy, and the roots of that, I think, are visible in Homer.
当他们赢得竞争,到达权利的顶峰时,他们所谓的君主制其实更适合于异邦人,而不是希腊人,君主统治下不存在自由人,这个想法的根源可以在《荷马史诗》中找到
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And if money-makers in that one and there is neither order nor necessity in this life but calling this life sweet, free, and blessed, he follows it throughout.
如果换成是商人,没有规律及必然性的生活,而只是,惬意，自由与喜悦，他还彻底跟随这样的人生画面。
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And to the monarchists, he was a dangerous skeptic and free thinker.
而对于君主论者，他又是个危险地怀疑分子和自由思想家。
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If we accept compatibilism, we'll be able to say, "Look, maybe we have free will and determinism is true of us; but for all that, we're still just purely physical systems."
如果我们接受相容主义,我们就能说,看啊,或许我们拥有自由意志,而决定论也适用于我们,但尽管如此,我们仍旧只是纯粹的物理系统
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Yet, no man," Hobbes continues, "can thence infer that a particular man has more liberty or immunity from the service of the commonwealth there than in Constantinople, the city of the Caliphs, the Caliphate.
言归正传，霍布斯继续说道,没有人敢说英联邦的人民,因为比君士坦丁堡的人民,有更多的自由而免于为国家服役，后者是哈里发-伊斯兰教国家领袖-所在地。
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It refers to usually 'receptors' that are fixed in a cell, on a cell membrane, and 'ligands' which are dispersed throughout the body and free to diffuse around, and occasionally will find the cell.
受体这个词通常代表了,固定于细胞表面的分子,而配体分散于体内各处,能够自由扩散,它们偶尔会与细胞邂逅
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He simply would have plunged ahead into life as though he had freedom, even though he was too stupid to recognize that it was an illusion.
他自然会好像是自由的一样一头扎入生活中，即便他太愚笨而看不出这只是个幻想。
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That's Spinoza on Machiavelli, because "he was favorable to liberty" and that the book, he says, is kind of a satire on princely rule.
那就是斯宾诺莎对马基雅维利的理解，因为,他推崇自由，而关于《君主论》，他说道，某种程度上是对君主统治的讽刺。
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But the cause of individual freedom was enhanced by the Protestant Reformation.
但是由于个人自由运动,因新教改革而得到大大增强
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Human beings are free and equal beings.
每个人都是自由而平等的。
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That could be an epigraph on this course, if you like, because in the end when this Civil War will finally come both sides will say over and over and over again that they are only fighting for liberty.
你愿意的话,也可以把这两个词记下来,因为在最后,当内战最终打响的时候,双方都会一遍又一遍地重申,他们只是为了自由而战
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