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And we can actually better visualize this if we plot how that energy changes as a function of internuclear distance.
而我们就能更清楚地看到这些，如果我们画出,能量随核间距的变化曲线。
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And if we were to think about which one of these is better, it turns out that it's the same i in terms of formal charges, so that doesn't help us out.
而如果我们要考虑它们中的哪个更好，结果从形式电荷来看,它们之间没有区别，因此这不能帮我们进行判断。
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And then, if we were to appeal to something nonphysical, we would do a better job of explaining.
而如果我们诉诸于非物理的方式,就能解释得更好
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And if on the other side of complexity we can read simplicity and common sense, that's great.
而如果与复杂性相反，我们能看出简单性和常识，那就很好。
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So now we're comparing my choosing 1, when my opponent chooses 2, and the payoff I would get if I choose 2 when my opponent chooses 2.
当我选择立场1,而对手选择立场2时,或者如果我们都选择立场2,我的收益会是怎么样的
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There is also the constant, creative tension around experimentation and making sure everyone in the organization feels it's better to experiment, fail and then move on and experiment again than to not do that.
而且，在技术试验上，他总会持续迸发出创造性的火花,在这之前，马克会去确认,团队里的每一个人是否同意试验，如果第一次失败，我们会继续,而不是停止试验。
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If we have a particular rhythm, and this is a rhythm, and here are the beats and the meter underneath, we would be coming along one, two-and, one, two.
如果我们有一段节奏,这里就有一段节奏,而下面标明了节拍和拍子,我们就能一二,一二
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Well it turns out a bunch of years ago people just decided that if we have the ability to express numbers and we actually care about expressing letters of the alphabet, well we just need some kind of mapping between one and the other, ASCII and so thus was born what's generally called the ASCII.
结果证实，数年前,人们觉得如果我们,有数字表达能力,而我们真正在乎其实是字符的表达，那么我们就需要数字和字符的某种对应关系，于是就有了俗称的。
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If the right to private property is natural, not conventional, if it's something that we acquire even before we agree to government, How does that right constrain what a legitimate government can do?
如果私有财产是与生俱来的，而非约定俗成，如果这是在我们同意组建政府前就拥有的，这个权利又如何能限制合法政府的行为呢？
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Secondly, as we go to the more advanced part of the course, we'll take a result from this part of the blackboard, stick it into the second part and keep manipulating, so if I screwed up in the beginning and you guys keep quiet, we'll have to do the whole thing again.
其次,随着我们课程的深入,我们需要把黑板这边的计算结果,抄到黑板的那边,不停地这么做,如果我一开始就写错了,而你们又不出声,我们就得全部重新来过
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And if we go on to step three where we figure out how many we would need for full octets, it's just going to be 2 times 8, so we have 16.
而如果我们继续到第三步,判断一下填满所有“八隅体“需要多少个价电子，结果应该就是二乘以八，也就是十六个。
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If we have a higher z effective, it's pulled in tighter, we have to put in more energy in order to eject an electron, so it turns out that that's why case 2 is actually the lowest energy that we need to put in.
而如果有效核电量更高，原子核的束缚也就更紧，我们不得不输入更多的能量来打出一个电子，这就是第二种情况,所需要输入的,能量更少的原因。
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And if that's true, then of course, we no longer have an argument for the indestructibility or nearly indestructibility of the soul.
而如果那是对的，当然我们就,不能再论证灵魂的不可摧毁性,或者几乎不可摧毁性。
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So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.
那么，我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么，负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的，我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的？没错，负二价。
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Some fact about us that calls out for explanation, and the claim on the part of the dualists was, we couldn't explain it without appealing to a soul.
有些关于我们的事实需要解释,而二元论者的主张是,如果不诉诸灵魂,我们就无法解释这些
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What if instead we accept the personality theory?
而如果我们接受个人理论呢？
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So, if you look at all of these, we have full octets for all of them, and if we count up all of the valence electrons, it's going to be equal to our number 26 here.
那么，如果大家看看所有的这些，它们的“八隅体“都填满了，而如果我们来数一数价电子的总个数，它应该就等于我们这里的二十六。
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And the real killer is if we get too close we're even going to have nuclear-nuclear repulsion between the nuclei of the two atoms.
而更致命的是，如果我们靠得太近,我们甚至会有,两个原子核之间的排斥力。
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And if we talk about chlorine, and both of the chlorines are the same in this case, we start with a valence number of 7 for chlorine, and then we subtract 6, because it had 6 lone pair electrons around each of the chlorine atoms.
而如果我们讨论氯的话，在这个例子中两个氯的情况都是一样的，从七个价电子开始，然后减去六，因为每个氯原子周围,都有六个孤对电子。
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And what's important to keep in mind about formal charge is if we have a neutral atom, such as we did in thionyl chloride here, the sum of the individual formal charges on individual atoms within the molecule have to equal 0.
而关于形式电荷记住一点是很重要的,那就是如果我们有一个中性原子，比如亚硫酰氯，那么这个分子中的所有原子的,形式电荷之和应该等于零。
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But whether or not he does address them-- we're not doing Plato any honor, we're not doing him any service, if we limit ourselves to simply trying to grasp, here's what Plato thought.
但是不论他有没有涉及那些,如果我们束缚自己,而只是去,揣测柏拉图的真实想法的话,我们不仅对柏拉图的不尊重,也没有给予他任何帮助
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So, we can use Coulomb's force law to think and it does that, it tells us the force is a function of that distance. But what it does not tell us, which if we're trying to describe an atom we really want to know, is what happens to the distance as time passes?
来考虑这两个粒子之间的,它告诉我们力随距离的函数关系,但它不能告诉我们，而我们如果要描述,原子又非常想知道的是,距离随时间的变化时怎样的？
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If,when we interpret the claim everyone dies alone, that just ends up being a slightly pretentious way of saying everyone dies, we might say,oh yeah,that is true and it is a necessary truth, but it's not especially surprising.
如果我们对每个人都孤独而死的诠释，只是装模作样地说明人终有一死，那我们会说，这是真理，也是必要的，但并没有什么好惊奇的。
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We got them from combining again, 1 s orbital and the 3 p orbitals. If we hybridize these, what we end up seeing are these four hybrid orbitals.
我们把1s轨道，和3p轨道结合而得到它们，如果我们杂化它们，我们最后会看到4个杂化轨道。
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It's natural to talk that way, but if we want belief in the soul to help us hold out the possibility at least that there might be life after death, then I think we need to actually say that strictly speaking, it's not that a person is a soul plus a body.
这说起来很轻松,如果我们想要寄托于,相信灵魂的存在,而让死后能够继续活着有据可依,那么我们需要一个严格的说法,不是说一个人是灵魂加肉体
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