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This combining of data and functions on that data is a very essence of object-oriented programming That's really what defines it.
数据与函数的结合,是面向对象编程的核心,这也就是它的定义。
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Well, my usual style of programming would be to implement the one that's lowest down in the hierarchy near the bottom.
一般我的编程风格是,先构建等级中最低的东西,也就是靠近地层的东西。
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So again, idea on the left, fairly straightforward, idea on the right, same but just looks a little different.
从一方面来看，其中蕴含的编程思想是相当简单的，但从另一方面来看，相同中又有那么一丝不同。
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You can bring any calculator you want, we don't actually have restrictions for calculator types here, but what you can't do, is you can't program any relevant chemical or information about constants in there.
你可以带你想用的任何一种计算器，我们并不限制计算器的类型，但是有一点是不允许的，那就是你不能使用编程的功能来记录,相关的化学常数或其它信息。
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And there are thing that I made for myself because I thought they'll be cool.
那些仅是为自己编写的,因为编程确实很有趣。
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And I don't care if it is a programmable calculator.
我不管是否用的是可编程计算器。
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If you're in this state, you will necessarily, given the laws of physics and the way the computer's programmed and built and so forth, these wires will turn on, turn off, these circuits will turn on, turn off, boom, suddenly you'll be in that state.
如果你站在这个角度,你必定会考虑,在物理定律和电脑编程原理,如何构造的等等确定的情况下,这些电线通或断,这些回路通或断,嘣,突然你就处在那个位置上
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Now these ideas of classes, object-oriented programming, data abstraction, are about 40 years old, they're not new ideas.
面向对象编程的概念，数据抽象的概念，都是40年前就有的老东西了。
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That are not readily dealt with in a prograing problem. It also deals with issues of some of the subtleties of things like aliasing.
它还和一些很细微的问题,比如重名等有关系,因此这不关编程的事儿。
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Now when the only types we're dealing with are the built-in types, the ones that came with the programming language, that doesn't really matter.
现在我们对付的数据类型,只有内置的数据类型,也就是编程语言固有的类型。
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My god, this student sitting next to me was programming since he or she was 6.
我的天，坐在我旁边这位同学,6岁就开始学编程。
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Given a fixed set of primitives, all right, a good programmer can program anything.
对，给出一对混乱的基本类型，对了，一个优秀的编程师可以编出任何程序来。
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So, you know, you can start writing your own kind of, Miss Manners book, if you like, I mean, are what are good programming, you know-- I wonder what you'd call them, John, good programming hygiene?
因此，你知道，你现在可以开始写,自己的女士礼仪书籍之类的东西了，如果你喜欢我这么说的话，其实我的意思是，写一些关于优秀编程习惯的东西？
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So in fact, it is the case, if you look at data, and by the way, that's the way I ended up setting a lot of these parameters and playing with it, was comparing what my simulation said to historical stock data.
所以实际上，在这个例子中，如果你看到数据，顺便说一下，这就是我设置很多变量,然后编程的方式，也就是把我的仿真程序得到的结果,和历史股票数据进行比较。
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And this is what lies at the heart of this very general technique called dynamic programming.
这也就是动态编程,这种通用技术的核心。
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That's a huge improvement. And that's sort of the magic of dynamic programming.
这是一个很大的进步,这也是动态编程的魅力所在。
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Some other object-oriented programming languages do not provide that pointer.
其他的面相对象编程的语言,没有提供这个指针。
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As a matter of convention and good style which is another theme of the course that we'll focus more - on on Friday onward, it's generally good to-- good style to actually describe in English even succinct English, what your program is doing.
大家要养成一个良好的编程习惯,这是本课程另一个重要的中心思想,我会在本周五还有以后的课堂时间着重强调这个问题-,用简明扼要的语言,描述你的程序，是一种很好的编程风格。
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Second good piece of style here is choice of variable names.
第二个编程优秀风格就是,变量名称的选择。
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Realize in programming languages like C, there is a set of very well-defined rules, and this is in the recommended books.
同样，在像C语言这样的编程语言里，也有,一套非常明确的规则，这些都在推荐图书里面。
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The strategic goals are the following: course six we want to help prepare freshmen and sophomores who are interested in majoring in course six to get an easy entry into the department, especially for those students who don't have a lot of prior programming experience.
以下是关键的目标：,我们希望帮助对于通过主修,从而进入本系这条捷径,非常感兴趣的大一大二生，尤其是那些,以前没有编程经验的人。
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3 So here what I'm doing is 17 divided by 13, but because of this parenthetical, , -- because of that parenthetical -- that has nothing to do with math; -- this is a programming language thing -- that is a casting operation.
所以这里我要做的是用17除以，但因为这样的题外话，因为那样的题外话-,还是没有做完这个数学题;,这是一个编程语言的东西-,那是一个计算操作。
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Same thing in our languages.
我们的编程语言也一样。
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And even though the syntax, the characters you are about to see on the screen and in programs today onward is a little more arcane, it's a little uglier looking, you've got semicolons and parentheses and fairly arcane syntax, realize that at the end of the day these are just arbitrary human conventions, the ideas are identical to this thing here.
可能你在屏幕上，编程中见识到的,语法，字符看起来非常晦涩难懂,甚至可以说是丑陋，像什么分号啊,括号啊等等，还有一些难七八糟的语法，但是到了最后，你会发现,这些都不过是一些人为约定而已，而蕴含在里面的编程思想跟这个例子并无二致。
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Like algorithmic complexity.
是很难被归类到编程问题里面的。
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What we're saying is, in order to do computation, we want to describe recipes, we want to describe this sequence of steps built on some primitives, and we want to describe the flow of control that goes through those sequence of steps as we carry on So the last thing we need before we can start talking about real programming is, we need to describe those recipes.
我们在说，为了做计算，我们想描述一个方法，想描述建立在,相同基本类型上的步骤序列，而且我们想描述经过我们设计的,步骤的序列的，控制流程,因此我们开始谈论真正的编程之前,的最后一件事是，我们需要描述一下那些方法。
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That gets us to the smart thief. Why is this thief smart? Because she took 600. And she learned 600 that in fact there is a good way to solve this problem. And that's what we're going to talk about next. And that's something called dynamic programming.
现在我们要当聪明的贼,这个贼为什么聪明呢？,因为它选择了,它知道这事实上是解决这个问题的好方法,这就是我们接下来要讲的,也就是动态编程。
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So honestly, one of the best strategies in this course and in programming in general is-- generally speaking design, but it's these little tricks of the trade that will honestly make things much more fun, much more easier, and really allow you to focus on the juicy parts of the problem and not little tiny bugs that you may have started tripping over already.
说实在的，这堂课在编程方面最棒的策略之一,简而言之，就是--设计，但这只是一些让事情更简单,更容易的小技巧，让你专注于问题的核心关键,而不是一些可能让你绊倒的,这样或那样的小错误。
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in the context of a web page. And increasingly that is where the human computer interaction is, and so will you be empowered by terms and not to just to make a website per se but to make an application, something that's of interest to you, something that solves problems, something that lets you tell someone through the most electronic means possible that you saw them somewhere on campus.
以网页内容的形式表现出来,人机交互的运用将越来越多，而且你将学会编程,不仅能制作网站，还能做出应用程序，一些你感兴趣的东西，一些解决问题的手段，还有一些可以让你通过使用,现有的电子手段来分辨出,校园里面看到的一个人的东西。
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