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The plants can be deficient in certain things, especially fat soluble vitamins that come from meat and from essential amino acids.
植物中缺乏某些物质,特别是脂溶性维生素,那些只能从肉类和必需氨基酸中获得
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I mean, you get so many benefits of the vitamins and minerals,
你会吸收很多维生素和矿物质，
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The micronutrients, which are available in food but in smaller amounts, are vitamins, minerals, and water.
微量营养素,在膳食中所占比重较小,它们是维生素,矿物质和水
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Now, moving on to the micronutrients, the vitamins, minerals and water; these become pretty interesting.
再说说微量元素,维生素,矿物质和水,这很有趣
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The micronutrients, the vitamins part of the micro nutrients, would fall into several categories.
微量元素,微量元素之一的维生素,各自属于不同的分类
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They're water soluble and fat soluble vitamins that look like this, and the difference between the two is that the fat soluble vitamins when they're ingested, gets stored in the body fat primarily in the liver.
分为脂溶性维生素和水溶性维生素,像这样,二者的区别在于,脂溶性维生素一经摄取,大多都储存在肝脏的脂肪中
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The water soluble vitamins tend to be used more immediately by the body not stored and excreted through the urine if consumed in excess, so the body can tolerate more variation in intake of these before you start getting toxicity than is the case with the vitamins on the right.
而水溶性维生素往往都立刻被身体所利用,不会被机体储藏,过剩部分由尿液排出,因此机体耐受过量水溶性维生素的能力,相比起右边这栏里的脂溶性维生素,可是要强得多了
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There can be a supply of them, a storehouse of them that can build up in the body, and so day-to-day fluctuations become less of a problem with fat soluble then water soluble vitamins, because the body can go grab them from a storage depot, if you will.
从而在体内建立起一个供应源,一个脂溶性维生素仓库,这样一来,相比起水溶性维生素,脂溶性维生素的浓度不会每天剧烈波动,因为机体可以任意取用体内的储存
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But then they can also be toxic if taken in too large of amounts because the body does store them.
但如果摄入过量也会中毒,因为机体储存的脂溶性维生素也会过量
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The macronutrients, protein, carbohydrate and fat; the micronutrients vitamins, minerals and water.
大量营养素,蛋白质,碳水化合物和脂肪,微量营养素,维生素,矿物质和水
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It means that we supplement our diets with all sorts of things to fix perceived deficits in this mineral, in this vitamin, in this thing that somebody tells us is good for us.
也就是说,我们只要听说哪些是有益的,就用各种各样的东西来进补,这种矿物质,那种维生素,诸如此类
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How much Vitamin A should they have?
他们应该摄入多少维生素A
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Now the fact that people were so reliant on certain foods led to deficiencies of certain nutrients, so people that were dependent on a rice based diet tended to have problems with deficiencies in protein, Vitamin A, and thiamine.
人们过于依赖某些特定的食物,导致了某些营养元素的匮乏,因此,以米饭为主食的人,很可能缺少蛋白质,维生素A和维生素B1
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