It refers instead, to the concrete, collective, communal salvation from national suffering and oppression, particularly in the form of foreign rule or enslavement.

相反，它指的是很具体的，集体的，社会的拯救,把一个国家从苦难和压迫中解救出来，尤其是那些在外族统治者奴役下的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

They destroy these helpless but stoic humans who are chafing under their tyrannical and unjust and uncaring rule. In the biblical story, when the Israelites told the story, they modified it.

他们把那些在他们残暴，不公平统治下,无助又愤愤不平的人,全部消灭了，当犹太人来讲这个故事时，他们对此做了修改。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Either what is established after the tyranny is an oligarchy, but notice I didn't say an aristocracy.

僭主统治之后要么是,寡头统治,注意下我可没说贵族统治

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The Russian empire, the state of Muscovy had already expanded greatly, but it's really Peter the Great, it's the big guy who expanded Russia, its territorial size enormously.

沙俄帝国在此之前已有大幅扩张,但是,是彼得大帝,是这个大家伙扩张了俄国领土,他统治下的沙俄幅员辽阔

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

It is the product, the creation of the people or of what we might call, in Jeffersonian language, it is the product of the consent of the governed.

我们可以说它是人民权力的产物,但若用杰斐逊的话讲，我们也可以说它是，统治者们互相默许下的产物。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

The people in the city cry out to the gods. They want relief from him.

他统治下的人民，为了脱离统治，便向上帝控诉他的罪行。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Most Greek states, just as they never moved beyond the hoplite style of fighting, never go beyond the oligarchical style of constitution which gives only hoplites political rights in the state.

大多数希腊城邦,从未超越过步兵方阵的作战方式,也从未超越过寡头统治的政体,只有在这样的政体下,步兵才有政治权利

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

That is to say, when the rules governing authority have broken down in times of crisis, and that was certainly true in Hobbes' time, a time of civil war and crisis.

这就是说，当统治权力,在危机下崩溃时，这恰好就是霍布斯时代的情况，充满内战和危机的时代。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

So here is a passage in which Aristotle clearly seems to be pointing to the possibility of a kind of universal monarchy under Greek rule at least as a possibility.

从这段中可清楚地看出，亚里士多德,似乎点出一种在希腊统治下,之宇宙王权的可能性,至少是一种可能性。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

They are, to put it another way perhaps, not only potential rulers and potential philosophers, they may also be potential revolutionaries, and the remainder of the book is addressed to them and of course people like them.

他们，换个角度来看，也许不只是潜在的统治者与潜在的哲学家，还是潜在的革命者，本书往下,都是讲他们,及像他们那样的人物。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

When they're through and had reached their peak, their notion of monarchy is something fit for barbarians, but not for Greeks. A free man may not live under a monarchy, and the roots of that, I think, are visible in Homer.

当他们赢得竞争,到达权利的顶峰时,他们所谓的君主制其实更适合于异邦人,而不是希腊人,君主统治下不存在自由人,这个想法的根源可以在《荷马史诗》中找到

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Good scene. It's good because I think it conveys something of the flavor of Machiavelli's thought in Italy for 30 years under the Borgias.

我觉它好是因为片中涵盖了,一些马奇亚维利思想的味道,即意大利在，Borgias，家族,统治下的30，年。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选