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And so the balance of the attractive term and the repulsive term eventually leads us to this situation where we have the equilibrium spacing.
在吸引力,和排斥的共同作用下,得到这种结果,即空间上的平衡。
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Literally, return the control from this function, and take the value of the next expression, and return that as the value of the whole computation.
正如字面意义上说的，从这个函数返回，然后取得下一个表达式的值,并把这个值作为整个计算的结果返回。
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That is, you minimize potential energy and you see things falling under the force of gravity and so forthgoing to potential energy minima in conformance with this result.
换句话说，你使得势能最小化,然后发现我们关注的东西,在重力或者其他力的作用下下落,直到势能最小的地方,这和我们刚才的结果是一致的。
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All right. We've got a big majority, and both are logical ways of thinking, but it turns out that the majority is correct, which is not always the case, but the electron is not ejected in this case.
好，大多数人都这么认为，这两种看法都是合乎逻辑的，但结果是大多数人是对的，这种情况不经常发生，但是电子在这种情况下,确实不会被逐出。
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You might say that optimists are people who think that for everybody in every case, in every circumstance, the total is always positive.
乐观主义者认为,任何人在任何情况下，在任何环境里，等式结果永远是正数。
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If we lowered the degree of synergy, what would happen to the effort level that we'd find by this method? What would happen?
如果我们降低了协同度,在这种情况下,结果会是什么样的呢
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Wednesday I'm going to talk about exceptions to absolutism, what the Dutch and what the English had in common that gave them very different political outcomes.
下节课我们将会谈到绝对主义的一些特例,荷兰和英国有何共同之处,以及它们产生的迥异的政治结果
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Conversely, if you get an answer and it doesn't seem to make sense, then you've got to go back and ask, am I violating some of the assumptions, and here you will find the assumption that the particle had that acceleration a is true as long it's freely falling under gravity but not when you hit the ground.
反过来说,如果你得到一个结果,发现似乎是错的,那么你就应该回过头来问问自己,我是不是违反某些前提了,这个模型中,你就发现,只要质点在重力作用下自由下落,质点具有加速度a的前提是正确的,但是落地后就不成立了
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I want to discuss the consequence of rationality in playing games, slightly philosophical for a few minutes.
我们来讨论下理性对博弈结果的影响,这稍微有点哲学的色彩
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And if you just look at the numbers, you can see how it cuts in from one side and then the other side as it keeps narrowing that range until it gets down to the place where there are at most two things left, and then it just has to check those two to say whether it's there or not.
你能看到他是如何不断的，从一个大的范围被拦腰劈开,知道最终只剩下两个数字,然后就只需要,比一比就知道结果了,将它同线性查找比较下。
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What I mean by that is, pick a simple set of values, and let's walk through it to see what happens. And this is useful because it's going to allow me to A make sure that I've got something that's going to terminate, it's going to let me make sure that in fact I'm doing the right kinds of updates.
原因你们知道的，好，模拟代码,我的意思就是,选出一系列的值来,然后模拟下代码的执行来看看结果,这很有用因为这让我确保我的程序在某个地方,可以终止，还会让我确保实际上我。
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So then, just like we saw, analogous to what saw just before, dS/dp it's T dS/dp at constant T.
就像我们看到的,就像我们刚才看到的一样，结果是T乘以恒定温度下的。
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We're going to ask for the same grade game we played at the beginning.
我们来求成绩博弈在此情况下的结果
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All right. So, let's see what we have.
好，我们看下结果。
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So, let's take a look at one of these rows in more detail to think about why this might be happening, and it turns out the reason that these glitches occur are because the sub shell structure predominates in certain instances, and that's where these glitches take place.
那么，让我们仔细地看一看其中一行,想一想为什么会这样，结果是这些小偏差的出现,是因为在一定情况下,亚壳层结构会产生重要影响，这正发生在小偏差出现的地方。
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Against that, I suppose, you've got pessimists-- pessimists who say, " "No, no. Although life perhaps has some good things, " the overall grand balance " is negative for everybody in every circumstance.
与之相反还有悲观主义者-,悲观主义者会说，“不，也许生活有些美好的事情，“但总体的结果,“在任何情况下对任何人都是负数。
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And again there, too, you saw an experimental result you were presented with that says, well at least to the extent that it could be measured, it was obviously getting very small.
再一次，你看到了一个,你经知道的实结果，至少在实验测量的范围内，对理想气体条件下的气体这一项很小。
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You can run into issues of things like overflow, underflow, with floating point numbers and when you see a whole bunches of ones, it's particularly a good time to be suspicious.
来看看哪儿会出问题，你可能会碰到浮点数中的溢出和下溢问题,当你碰到一系列这种问题后，可能就会适时的开始怀疑结果的正确性。
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And, of course, all that's left is this positive pudding. So that's not going to do anything either. And what he found when he did this experiment, was that the count rate with still 132 000 counts per minute.
剩下的是带正电的布丁,也不会产生什么影响,结果他实验上观测到,计数器测得每分钟132000下,所以到目前为止,他可以说实验。
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So you start with your basic model, then you add in, you enrich the model, and you see if the results change, and that'll help you explain why you're getting different results in different settings.
你们从最原始的模型开始,加入约束条件来丰富这个模型,然后检验结果是否有变,这能帮助我们解释,为什么在不同条件下结果是不同的
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In other words, the order of taking the derivatives with respect to pressure and temperature doesn't matter And what this will show is that dS/dp dS/dp at constant temperature, here we saw how entropy varies with volume, this is going to show us how it varies with pressure.
换句话说,对温度和压强的求导顺序无关紧要,结果会表明,恒定温度下的，对应我们上面看到的，熵如何随着体积变化，这个式子告诉我们，熵如何随着压强变化。
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du/dV So now our du/dV, dp/dT at constant T is just T times dp/dT which is just p over T minus p, it's zero.
现在我们的恒定温度下的，等于T乘以dp/dT，在这里,等于p除以T，最后再减去p，结果是0。
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So it turns out that, as the gentleman out there said, if I thought it was equally likely that my opponent was going to choose Left or Right, then actually my best choice, my best response is to choose Down.
这个结果和刚才那位先生说的,如果我觉得我对手,选择左或右的可能性相同的话,这时候最好的选择,也就是说我的最佳对策是选下
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And again, if I just run this, just to show that it's going to do the right thing, it says enter base, I'm obnoxious, it says oops, wasn't a float, so we'll be nice about it and I enter a height, and it prints out what I expected. I just concatenated those strings together, by the way, at the end.
我再来运行下看是不是做对了,提示输入底，噢，它提示说不是浮点数，我很高兴，然后我输入一个,浮点数作为高度显示结果和我预期的相同,顺便说一句,我只是在最后把这些字符串连接起来了。
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So, it turns out that in this case, 2 p and any time that we see we're going from a 2 s to 2 p, filling in of electrons, we actually see that little bit of glitch in ionization energy.
在这种情形下的结果就是，任何时候我们从，2，s，到，填充进电子，我们都会看到电离能会稍稍偏离我们的规律。
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So this is not even thinking about the other electron shielding, just if we think of the fact, all we need to think about is that the effect of going to a further away n n as we go down the table.
到现在我们甚至还没有考虑,其它电子的屏蔽效果，即使我们要考虑这个因素，我们需要考虑也就是,沿着周期表的某一列往下走，距离会逐渐变远,将起最重要的作用，actually，dominates,这一结果所产生的影响。
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And it sure enough prints what we expected it to print.
现在如果我显示下ivys的内容,它肯定会显示出我们期待的结果。
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So in this experiment here, delta p is less than zero. You need to have this whole thing greater than zero. So delta T is less than zero as well. So if you're below the inversion temperature and you do the Joule-Thomson experiment, you're going to end up with something that's colder on this side than that side.
所以在这个实验中，Δp小于零,这全部都大于零,因此ΔT也小于零,所以如果在低于转变,温度的情况下做焦耳-汤姆孙实验,最后的结果是,这边的温度比这边低。
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What happens if I run this sucker?
我运行下这个糟糕的东西会有什么结果？
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The point is that in this game in which firms competed in prices, even though there were only two firms in the market, only one firm more than monopoly, we get a dramatically different result than we had last time.
重点是这个公司进行价格竞争的博弈,尽管博弈中只有两家公司,仅仅比垄断情况下多了一家,我们得到了与上次完全不同的结果
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