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The advantage of this is that now you have four binding sites for antigen instead of just two.
这样的好处是一个抗体上,有四个抗原结合位点而不仅仅是两个
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So, I have a bacteria infection, stimulates my immune system, I start making antibodies that bind to an antigen specific to that bacteria.
所以 如果我被细菌感染了,我的免疫系统被激活,开始制造抗体,这些抗体结合到细菌特异性的抗原上
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So, these are better at binding to antigen because they have more binding sites on them.
连接抗体是对付抗原的有效方法,因为抗体表面将会有更多的抗原结合位点
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Because bacteria are outside of cells and when antibodies bind to them they can neutralize them.
因为细菌生存在细胞外,抗体结合细菌并中和掉它们
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We're thinking about the particular antibody that binds to this antigen that you're exposed to.
现在,我们考虑一种特殊的,与你所接触的抗原相结合的抗体
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I realize that this thinking about antigen, antibody combinations and the mathematics of how strongly an antibody binds to a specific antigen, is maybe something that's new to you.
我觉得这些关于 抗原抗体结合,以及,抗体如何强有力地结合抗原的问题,对你们来说很新鲜
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This is a very potent molecule for binding to antigen.
这个抗体分子就具有强大的抗原结合能力
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They bind to the antigen that stimulated their production.
它们结合在那些,激活了抗体产生的抗原之上
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We're going to talk a lot about antibodies over the next week or so, but antibodies are specialized proteins that, as you know, are designed to bind to antigens or foreign molecules inside the body.
我们将会在接下来的几周,讲许多关于抗体的内容,抗体是一种特殊蛋白质,众所周知,抗体用于结合身体内的抗原和外源分子
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We're going to talk about this kind of non-covalent interaction more when we talk about the immune system, because one example of ligand and receptors that's important in the immune system are antigens - foreign molecules, and antibodies - molecules that we produce.
当我们讲到免疫系统的时候,会更详细地谈到这种非共价化合反应,因为在免疫系统中,一个重要的配体受体结合反应,就是抗原,即外源分子,与抗体,这个人体自身产生的分子结合
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Don't worry about how they work in the immune system, but what if you could manufacture antibodies then you could make a chemical, an antibody, that is capable of binding to a specific other chemical and you could use that for things.
别管它们在免疫系统内是怎么工作的,只要考虑能不能制造抗体,那么假设你能制造这种化学物质 抗体,抗体又能够同其他特别的化学物质结合,你就可以让抗体为我所用
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One of the things that I didn't mention before is that when you get this primary response and then the secondary response, if you looked at the antibodies that are generated during the primary response, again we're only looking at antibodies that bind to the particular antigen or vaccine that we have used for the priming.
还有一点我之前没有提及,当你获得初次免疫,以及再次免疫之后,如果你仔细观察抗体,观察那些在初次免疫中生成的抗体,这次我们同样只是观察抗体,那些与我们在初次免疫中所用到的,特定抗原或疫苗相结合的抗体
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They also have binding sites for antigen, but they are sort of two IgG type molecules bound together by another peptide chain.
同样IgA抗体表面也有与抗原结合位点,但它们就像两个IgG型分子,通过肽链相互连接
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Because at the end of the Y, there's a special region of the antibody, the antigen-binding region, that is highly tuned for binding to the antigen that stimulated them.
因为Y形抗体的末端,是抗体上非常特殊的一个区域,即抗原结合区域,这一区域高度特异性地,用于结合激活免疫的抗原
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The IgM is really five IgG-type molecules that are linked together through disulfide bonds, such that their FC portions are all pointing in and their antibody binding portions are all pointing out.
gM是由五个IgG分子组成的,IgG分子之间通过二硫键连接,免疫球蛋白尾部的FC片段都指向内侧,而抗体的抗原结合位点都指向外侧
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