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You burn methane, and it combines with oxygen to form water, to form CO2.
燃烧酒精，酒精分子和氧气结合形成水和二氧化碳。
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When they bind, they produce some change in the receptor molecule which is experienced inside the cell.
当它们结合后,会使受体分子发生改变,这个过程发生在细胞内部
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And then even lower down, we have our bonded hydrogen molecule.
然后继续降低，我们就有了通过共价键结合的氢分子。
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From a technological perspective, antibodies are incredible tools because antibodies are molecules that are specifically designed to bind to a particular antigen or a particular chemical.
从技术角度上来说,抗体是一种令人难以置信的分子,它们被设计来,特异性地结合抗原,或者某种化学物质
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Here, there are receptors on one cell and the ligand that they experience is not a dissolved molecule, but actually a molecule that's attached to another cell.
这个细胞上有许多受体,与之结合的配体并非是可溶性分子,而是一个附着在其他细胞上的分子
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So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.
所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞
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This is a very potent molecule for binding to antigen.
这个抗体分子就具有强大的抗原结合能力
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We're going to talk a lot about antibodies over the next week or so, but antibodies are specialized proteins that, as you know, are designed to bind to antigens or foreign molecules inside the body.
我们将会在接下来的几周,讲许多关于抗体的内容,抗体是一种特殊蛋白质,众所周知,抗体用于结合身体内的抗原和外源分子
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We're going to talk about this kind of non-covalent interaction more when we talk about the immune system, because one example of ligand and receptors that's important in the immune system are antigens - foreign molecules, and antibodies - molecules that we produce.
当我们讲到免疫系统的时候,会更详细地谈到这种非共价化合反应,因为在免疫系统中,一个重要的配体受体结合反应,就是抗原,即外源分子,与抗体,这个人体自身产生的分子结合
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They also have binding sites for antigen, but they are sort of two IgG type molecules bound together by another peptide chain.
同样IgA抗体表面也有与抗原结合位点,但它们就像两个IgG型分子,通过肽链相互连接
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The receptor for estrogen is a special molecule called a DNA binding factor.
雌激素受体是一类特殊的分子,叫做DNA结合因子
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Well, one way to think about is they have more antigen binding sites and so they're going to be more efficient at neutralizing the pathogen on a per-molecule basis than IgG is.
可以这么考虑,因为IgM表面有更多的抗原结合位点,所以相对于IgG,IgM在分子层面上,能够更为有效地与病原体结合
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One of the other things that MHC1 does, in addition to marking yourselves as your own, is that it's capable of making combinations with all the different molecules that are present inside the cell and expressing them on the surface, and sort of showing them to the outside world.
HC1的另一项功能,除了给你标记一个独一无二的标签以外,MHC可以和细胞内所有不同的,分子结合 使其能够呈现在细胞表面,使其暴露于外界
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