What's the general term that captures all such situations in Economics?

经济学里与之有关的通用术语叫什么

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

The figure you are quoting in New York times which came out of a report published by a French economist who lives in India John Kenneth. And the article was by Sangota, the New York Times editor.

你从纽约时报,某篇报道上摘下来的数据,出自一名住在印度的法国经济学家,之手，他叫约翰·克南斯,该文章由纽约时报的圣郭特所编辑。

普林斯顿公开课 - 国际座谈会课程节选

It wasn't caused by the Fed's sudden tightening against inflation. It was different it was this recession was not understood not anticipated; the Fed came in late to cut interest rates to try to prevent it from being worse because it just didn't seem to have any reason for happening.

它不是由于美联储对通货膨胀的,突然紧缩政策造成的，它不同之处在于,这个经济衰退没有被理解，没有事先准备好；,美联储试图阻止它恶化而,降低利率为时已晚，因为,它似乎看起来没有任何理由发生。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选