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The findings of classical conditioning have been extended and replicated in all sorts of animals including crabs, fish, cockroaches and so on.
经典条件作用在所有的动物研究中,都得到了扩展和重复,这些动物包括了螃蟹，鱼类，蟑螂等。
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More speculatively, classical conditioning has been argued to be implicated in the formation of sexual desire, including fetishes.
更大胆的推测则是，经典条件作用,涉及了性欲形式的形成，包括了恋物癖的形成。
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This is very different from classical conditioning and one way to see how this is different is for classical conditioning you don't do anything.
这与经典条件作用非常不同,两者间不同的一点在于,在经典条件作用中,你的行为是不自主的。
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But the claim that people have formed their phobias through classical conditioning is almost always wrong.
但恐怖症形成于经典条件作用的主张,从一开始便是错误的。
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What happens is you become sensitive to a cue that an event is about to happen and that allows you to prepare for the event.
经典条件作用使得你对预示着,即将发生之事的提示线索变得敏感,这使得你能够为即将发生的事件作好准备。
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And more generally, the problem is you can talk about what other people do in terms of reinforcement and punishment and operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
更加一般性的问题便是,你可以用强化和惩罚，操作性条件作用,以及经典条件作用之类的术语,来解释他人的行为。
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So, this all seems a very technical phenomena related to animals and the like but it's easy to see how it generalizes and how it extends.
经典条件作用似乎是关于动物的,科学现象,但其实典条件作用发生,及其相关概念都简单易懂。
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So a behaviorist story about fetishes, for instance, is it's straightforward classical conditioning.
比如行为主义者对恋物癖的一种解释就是，恋物癖是简单的经典条件作用的结果。
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And so classical conditioning should be the strongest when these two are simultaneous and the response to one is the same as the response to the other.
当无条件刺激与条件刺激同时出现时,经典条件作用的效果最强,两种刺激所引起的反应是相同的。
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Since the connection with the poker chips is established through classical conditioning, sooner or later by that logic the poker chips would lose their power to serve as reinforcers.
因为与扑克筹码有关的联结,是通过经典条件作用建立的，所以按照这种逻辑,扑克筹码迟早会失去强化物的作用。
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The second sort of learning is known as classical conditioning.
学习的第二种形式,被称为经典条件作用。
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And the therapy he gets is classical conditioning.
他接受的就是以经典条件作用,为原理的行为治疗。
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This almost certainly is not the right story but again, just as in phobias, some ideas of classical conditioning may play some role in determining what we like and what we don't like sexually.
这个解释肯定是错的,但是，与在恐惧症中的作用相同，经典条件作用,或许对我们在性活动方面的喜恶,起着一定的决定作用。
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It was thought up by Pavlov.
经典条件作用是巴甫洛夫提出的。
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Mechanisms like habituation, classical conditioning and operant conditioning are real; they can be scientifically studied; and they play an important role in the lives of animals and probably an important role in human lives as well.
诸如习惯化，经典条件作用，操作性条件作用之类的机制,都是真实存在的;,这些机制都能得到科学的研究;,它们在动物的生活里起到了重要的作用,或许在我们人类的生活中,也同样起到了重要的作用。
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So, what they do is what's called, "Systematic desensitization," which is they expose you to what causes you the fear but they relax you at the same time so you replace the aversive classical conditioned fear with something more positive.
治疗的方法叫做“系统脱敏疗法“,也就是将你暴露在引起恐惧的情境下,但同时让你放松,所以你用更加积极的感觉,替换了经典条件作用造成的厌恶性恐惧。
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So the strong classical conditioning stories about fetishes and fears sound silly and extreme and they probably are but at the same time classical conditioning can be used at least to shape the focus of our desires and of our interests.
用经典条件作用来解释恋物癖和恐惧,听起来很蠢也很极端,或许是这样,但至少经典条件作用,能够使我们产生,对欲望和兴趣的关注。
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