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Remember that these cells are relatively large compared to bacteria and so diffusion doesn't occur very quickly over this length scale.
要知道这些细胞相对细菌而言,还是比较大的,扩散作用在这种尺度上,发生得不是那么快
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When they do that they can actually engulf the bacteria in a process called phagocytosis and break them down into antigens.
免疫细胞确实是将细菌整个吞进了肚内,这一过程称为吞噬作用,并将细菌分解成小抗原
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Bacterial cells are small, one to two microns in diameter and this shows a picture of a common bacterium called E. Coli.
细菌细胞很小,直径只有一到两个微米,这张图片是一种常见细菌,大肠杆菌
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The bacterium doesn't have a nucleus, and in fact, they don't have very well formed organelles in general.
细菌没有细胞核,实际上,细菌没有完善的细胞器
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Because bacteria are outside of cells and when antibodies bind to them they can neutralize them.
因为细菌生存在细胞外,抗体结合细菌并中和掉它们
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It's much larger than a bacterium, it's ten to 30 microns let's say instead of one to two microns, so almost ten times bigger.
人类细胞比细菌大得多,有十到三十微米那么大而不是一两微米,几乎大了十倍
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The innate immune system composed of neutrophils and macrophages; these are cells that are crawling around your body all the time ready to eat bacteria.
它由嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞构成,这些细胞不断在周身蠕行,准备吞噬细菌
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Why don't bacteria need a distinct nucleus and that's necessary in a human cell?
为什么细菌不需要单独的细胞核,而对人类细胞则为必需
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What are some of the differences between a bacterial cell and a human cell?
人类细胞和细菌细胞,有哪些不同之处呢
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Cells that I took from a human and cells that are in a bacterium.
人类细胞,和细菌细胞
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What are the differences between a bacterial cell and a human cell?
人类细胞和细菌细胞,有什么不同
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Human cells don't have a cell wall but most bacteria do.
人类细胞没有细胞壁而大部分细菌有
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That's another difference between human cells and bacteria.
这是人类细胞和细菌的另一个不同
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Another thing that's different about human cells and animal - human cells and bacterial cells is that many bacterial cells can swim and can exist in suspension, that means just suspended in a fluid.
人类细胞和动物细胞--,和细菌细胞,另一个重要不同是,许多细菌细胞可以游动,可以生活在悬浮液中,就是说可以悬浮在液体中
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Now that's going to be important when we talk about making human gene - making human proteins inside alternate hosts like bacteria, that they can't do all the things that your cells can do.
这一步骤在我们谈到,利用像细菌那样的宿主,来生成人类蛋白时非常重要,因为细菌并不具备人类细胞的全部功能
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There are different kinds of cell walls in bacteria but they have a rigid cell wall and our cells don't have a rigid cell wall, we have a fluid lipid like cell wall.
细菌有不同种类的细胞壁,但都很坚固,人类细胞没有坚固的细胞壁,我们有一层类似细胞壁的流动的脂类
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Why aren't they present in bacteria?
为什么细菌中没有细胞器
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I'm not going to talk about them in detail but please look at that to remind yourself of those kinds of specialized sub-cellular units which are present in cells in humans but not present in bacteria.
我就不再赘述了,不过请你们看看书,回忆一下哪些特化的亚细胞结构单元,是人类细胞有,而细菌没有的
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