When we measure EKG's, what we're measuring is the activity of all these cells within our heart performing action potentials.

当我们做心电图的时候,我们所测量的是心脏内能发出,动作电位的细胞的活动状态

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Then we're going to talk about two physiological systems just briefly, where cell communication sort of dominates the behavior of the organ.

然后我将简要地讲到两个生理系统,主要是讲细胞通讯控制器官活动的方式

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Because of the lack of oxygen getting to the cells, the cells are no longer able to carry on their various metabolic processes.

由于细胞中缺少氧气,所以细胞不能完成,它们的各种新陈代谢活动

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Well, because it takes some time for these cellular events that I mentioned earlier to happen.

因为我之前提及的细胞活动,需要一些时间完成

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Different amount of metabolic activity because one has a greater volume of cytoplasm than the other, for example, so these are exactly the right kinds of ideas.

大小不同,代谢活动的总量就会不同,可能因为一个细胞的胞质比另一个体积大,以上这些观点都是非常正确的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Out of all the genes that are on the human genome which fraction is this particular cell using, which fraction is it expressing determines what proteins are present in the cell, determines what work or what activities the cell can engage in.

人类基因组全部基因中的,特定细胞所表达的基因片段,细胞表达的是哪段基因,决定了细胞中存在什么样的蛋白,决定了细胞会有什么样的功能,或者参与何种生命活动

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That RNA is made into proteins, and proteins are the working molecules of the cell, they're enzymes, they're structural molecules, they're are proteins that exist in the membrane that allow things to go in and out of the cell, so really the working molecules are the cell in every sense.

这些RNA指导合成蛋白质,蛋白质是细胞生命活动的承担者,它们可以是酶,或是结构性分子,也可以存在于细胞膜上的膜蛋白,能够让一些物质通过它们进出于细胞,所以蛋白质才是真正意义上,细胞生命活动的承担者

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选