We talked about attenuating in the laboratory, using cell culture techniques and what we know about mutating viruses.

我们讲过实验室中,利用细胞培养技术培养减毒疫苗,以及我们所了解的减毒病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But you can grow it in cultured cells, and the advantages of that are that you can do this under very reproducible conditions.

而且采用细胞培养疫苗,这种方法的优点是,你可以在同样条件下进行再培养

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One of the things that happens is that certain cells within your body process the vaccine or the antigen and we talked about that.

在人体内,发生的反应之一是,特定的细胞对疫苗或者抗原做出反应,之前我们讨论过这个

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, what that really means, you know, from last week's lecture, is that the vaccine stimulates these particular cells in your immune system to give you immunity.

所以,这就意味着,通过上周的课程,你们知道,疫苗通过刺激免疫系统中的,特定细胞来使人获得免疫力

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Here, I've just picked a couple of the pictures that I showed you last time when we were talking about cell communication in the immune system, What happens after the vaccine is introduced into your body is that it initiates cellular events.

我挑选了,我上次给你们展示的几幅图片,当我们讨论到,免疫系统中的细胞沟通时,讲到过当人体接种疫苗之后,能够触发,细胞活动

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, either stimulates the production of-- and differentiation of B-cells, to produce a specific antibody that can neutralize the virus, or stimulates the production of cytotoxic T-cells that can kill infected cells within your body.

所以,疫苗的刺激要么能够,促进B淋巴细胞产生和分化,以生成特定的抗体来杀灭病毒,要么刺激T细胞释放细胞毒素,杀死身体里被感染的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Cells share signals with each other, and that leads to activation of a specific cell population if we're thinking about a vaccine that produces antibodies, that leads to activation of B-cells, immature B-cells, which do two things.

细胞与细胞之间存在信号传递,而这将激活特定的细胞群体,如果是一些能够产生抗体的疫苗,抗体将会激活B淋巴细胞,幼B淋巴细胞,使其发生两种变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选