Well, I talked about the problem of using plasmids in gene therapy, that it's very difficult to get them into cells.

我们之前讨论过,基因治疗中运用质粒的问题,质粒本身极难进入细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is a way of introducing cytotoxicity or cell killing ability into a cell, and that's been used to treat many kinds of cancers, particularly cancers of the brain.

这种方法常用来导入细胞毒素,或者赋予细胞杀伤其他细胞的能力,以治疗多种癌症,特别是脑癌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

These signaling proteins play important roles in determining how many cells differentiate down particular pathways and they turn out also to be very useful for treating diseases of those pathways.

这些信号蛋白在决定特定分化路径上,有多少细胞在分化时起着重要作用,且在治疗疾病方面也很有用,同样也是利用这些机制

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选