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And again, there'll be key elements that run in cycles and understanding those can be extremely important in understanding how cellular function works.
同样地，在循环中也会有,一些关键的要素,研究这些对于理解细胞的,运作机制是极其重要的。
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I want to look at a slightly higher level of magnification now and think about different kinds of cellular communication.
我现在想讲一些较高水平的放大机制,并思考不同种类的细胞通讯
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What's a physical mechanism that could lead to differences between these two cells at this very early stage of development?
什么样的生理机制导致细胞,在发育伊始就产生这些差异
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It's a mechanism that they have evolved in order to prevent foreign genes from entering a cell and being expressed.
它们进化出这种机制来,防止异源基因进入细胞并表达
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We have other ways of protecting; many of our cells are inside our body protected by specialized cells of our skeletal system.
人类有其它的保护机制,我们体内的细胞受,特化的骨骼细胞保护
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One kind of cellular communication occurs by similar mechanisms to what we were talking about.
细胞通讯中的一种,与我刚才讲过的信号转导的机制相似
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We're using biological mechanisms and we're growing cells in order to accomplish it.
我们靠生物机制,和培养细胞来达到目的
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If you think about receptor ligand system as an input into the cell.
如果将受体-配体系统看作,细胞的一种输入机制的话
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The topic for this week is cell communication: how mechanisms that cells within a complex organism use to communicate with each other at short distances or long distances.
本周的主题是细胞通讯,即在一个复杂机体中的细胞,采用何种交流机制,在或长或短的距离中相互联系
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You want decisions to be made there so you need some additional mechanism for decision making at the point of contact between the axon of one cell and the dendrite of another.
而想要做出决定,在一个细胞的轴突和下一个细胞的树突,的连接点上 需要额外的决策机制
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Well, the mechanism that the cell uses to transmit information along itself, along this process which goes from my brain to my fingers, for example, is through an electrical signal called an action potential.
神经细胞沿突起,将信息从我的大脑传递到,手指的机制是,举例来说,是通过一种称为动作电位的电信号的作用
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When transcription happens and it turns out that there's a whole biology associated with this, including molecules that are floating around inside your cells called transcription factors, and their job-- they are molecules that are about particular genes and what some of the sequences and are able to turn on those genes inside cells, to make them transcribe.
研究证明,当细胞转录时,还有与之相关的一整套生物机制在运作,包括一种在你细胞中飘浮着的,称为转录因子的分子,它们的工作就是,它们知道该转录哪一段基因,该转录哪一段序列,然后把这些细胞中的基因激活,进行转录
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You have mechanisms inside your natural mechanisms inside your cell that allow the cells to degrade unwanted RNA sequences.
人体内细胞的这种自然机制,有助于细胞降解不需要的RNA序列
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They enter the cell after recognizing, they fall apart inside the cell, they reproduce their DNA, or their genetic material using host mechanisms.
在识别细胞后侵入之,它们在细胞内解体,复制自身的DNA,利用宿主的遗传来机制复制自己的DNA
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Dicer is an internal cellular mechanism for degrading RNA's.
icer是细胞降解RNA的内在机制
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A newer version of this that works in a similar way but a different way is called RNA interference, and it turns out that this is a natural mechanism that cells have.
NA干扰是这类方法的新秀,它的原理与其大同小异,已经证实 这是细胞的自然机制
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Immune cells recognize it, and they recognize it by a very special form of receptor-ligand interaction where the ligand is MHC1 with the foreign antigen and the receptor is a receptor called the T-cell receptor complex.
免疫细胞识别出染病细胞,通过一种特殊形式的,受体配体协作机制识别出来,其中的配体是同,外源抗原共同出现的MHC1,而这其中受体是T细胞受体复合体
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