Whereas the--if I take the rhythm out of the Ninth Symphony really Beethoven there is just going up and down a scale so it's very conjunct.

无论哪里,如果我将第九交响曲的,节奏单挑出来,你就会发现贝多芬这里,仅仅是一个个升或降的音阶,这是级进的典型例子

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So, flats are below, sharps take you up a half step.

降调是下降半音级,而升调是上升半个

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选