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For example, if I isolated this one called the myeloid cell, it's capable of forming red blood cells, megakaryocytes and neutrophils.
比如,如果我分离出一个髓系细胞,它就能生成红细胞,巨核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞
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In fact, they're no longer capable of reproducing; all they can do is exist as red blood cells and then die.
事实上,红细胞已经不能再增殖了,它们所能做的只是,作为红细胞过完一生然后死去
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Because we've learned about that biology we've been able to make erythropoietin outside the body and use it as a drug.
由于我们已经知道了这种生物学机制,因此我们能体外制造促红细胞生成素,并作为药品应用
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So, they've lost one of the essential characteristics of these cells that are the same that I talked about earlier.
所以红细胞已经失去了,先前我讲过的,细胞共同属性之一
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One of the most obvious things about a red blood cell is it doesn't have nucleus, it has no nucleus.
红细胞最为明显的不同就是,它是无核的,它没有细胞核
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They're red because they contain a special protein called hemoglobin which is very concentrated inside the cell.
红细胞的红色源于,其内部一种叫做血红蛋白的特殊蛋白质,血红蛋白在细胞内的浓度很高
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It's a single gene defect and we know exactly where the genetic defect is in sickle cell.
是一种单基因缺陷,而且我们准确地知道,镰状红细胞贫血的基因缺陷在哪里
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Some of them have the capability of becoming red blood cells which carry oxygen in the blood.
一些能够成为红细胞,红细胞是血中携氧的细胞
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One example of a very different cell is a red cell or red blood cell, these are the cells that give blood it's red color.
举个高度分化细胞的例子,红细胞,或称血红细胞,它们赋予了血液鲜红的色彩
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It can be used given to people to who have certain kinds of anemia to stimulate blood cell production in a specific kind of way.
它能够用于那些,罹患某种贫血的人群,来以特定的方式刺激红细胞生成
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They make up about 45% to 50% of the volume of blood is red cells.
红细胞占血液体积的,45%到50%
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It's on the gene for hemoglobin and the hemoglobin that you produce if you have sickle cell anemia is not quite right because there's one base difference.
这个缺陷基因和血红蛋白有关,如果你有镰状红细胞贫血症,那你所产生的血红蛋白就不太正常,因为这里有一个碱基不同
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Hemoglobin, as you know, is an oxygen carrier and so red blood cells concentrate in bags of hemoglobin which circulate in your blood and they carry oxygen.
众所周知,血红蛋白可以携带氧气,含有大量血红蛋白的红细胞,在全身循环,以携带氧气
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It's a protein that's produced by other cells in the body and when it's enriched in a certain area it stimulates more production of red blood cells.
这种蛋白由体内的另一种细胞生成,而当其在某处富集时,就会刺激红细胞生成
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Sickle cell anemia is a disease that affects a subset of the population.
镰状红细胞贫血症,是一种作用于特定人群的疾病
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Here's the difference between normal hemoglobin and sickle hemoglobin, I can make - I can see a chemical difference, I can exploit it, how can I find it?
正常血红蛋白和镰状红细胞贫血的,血红蛋白有不同之处,我能够--我能看出有化学差异,我能去探寻差异,那么我怎么找到它呢
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This particular example involves the gene for sickle cell anemia.
本例子中就包括镰状红细胞贫血症的基因
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One could easily, for example, differentiate between a red cell and a neuron, but a skilled biologist who's looked at many, many different cells could differentiate between different types of neurons.
普通人可以很轻易的,分辨出神经元和红细胞,然而一个训练有素的生物学家,辨识过许多不同细胞之后,能够分辨出不同种类的神经元
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The red blood cells that carry oxygen only live within your circulation for about a month and so you have to continually be replacing cells that are dying and so there are cells that are proliferating.
携带氧的红细胞,在你的循环系统中的寿命只有一个月,因此你必须持续不断地更新衰老的细胞,所以就有在增殖的细胞
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If this was a sickle patient, so they had this gene instead it wouldn't get cut and when I went to look for that presence of that gene on this gel, it would appear as one large segment instead of a large one and a smaller one.
而如果是个镰状红细胞贫血的病人,他们的基因是不会被限制酶切割的,因此他们基因的凝胶电泳结果就不会呈现,一大一小的结果,而只有一个大的片段
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Erythropoietin, commonly called Epo and its function is to treat anemia because it stimulates blood cell production.
促红细胞素生成素,通常简称为EPO,它的作用是刺激红细胞生成,从而能够治疗贫血
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