Speech is the way in which we appropriate, deploy and make use of language, and Saussure calls that "parole."

话语是我们使用语言，分配部署语言的结果，索绪尔叫它，个人语言“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

It is not a world in which language can be understood as somehow or another a means of expressing thought.

在索绪尔眼中的世界，语言不能被理解为,表达思想的方式。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And human language uses this amazing trick described by Ferdinand de Saussure, the great linguist, as "The arbitrariness of the sign."

人类语言使用这些,被语言学家费迪南德·德·索绪尔,称之为"符号任意性"的神奇把戏

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Soon we'll know. First of all, we'd better say, as is already clear from what we've been quoting, language is not quite Saussurian.

我们很快就会知道，首先，从引文中很容易看出，语言不是索绪尔式的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

This then is the object of Saussure's attention as a linguist and as a semiotician.

这就是索绪尔所注意到的,作为一个符号学家兼语言学家。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Language," says Saussure, "is not a function of the speaker."

根据索绪尔，语言不是个人的“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Like the Russian formalists--and in a way like the New Critics -talking about their "academic" colleagues, Saussure is vexed by the messiness and lack of system in the study of linguistics.

这一点和形式主义者，新批评论者,这些学院派的人们很相像，索绪尔对语言学的杂乱,和无章感到恼火。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

It is very much the same with language, or "langue" as Saussure calls it.

语言也是这样，根据索绪尔的理论。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选