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So, and of course, you know, keeping entropy as a fixed variable for a system like that is extremely cumbersome.
所以，对这样的系统要求它们的熵保持恒定,和一个非常笨拙做法。
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We have got an extensive subway system and an extensive bus system that we have had for 60, 70 years.
我们有大规模的地铁系统和巴士系统，它们已经有差不多六七十年的历史了。
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So what they do is, they're describing how these thermodynamic properties change, in terms of only state functions and state variables.
他们的作用是描述,随着状态函数和状态变量的变化，系统的热力性质如何变化。
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We've used these effectively to build our electronic systems and our blogs and all of these companies that we're building.
我们会有效地使用它们,来建立一个电子系统,建立我们的博客和我们建立的,所有的公司。
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So, if you look at any engineering system, the performance of that engineering system is a function of its design and its construction.
如果你们观察过工程系统，工程系统的性能就是,它的设计和构造的功能。
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I will say that Milgrom has also argued that the dietary laws of Leviticus are similarly part of a symbol system that emphasizes life over death.
米尔格罗姆认为,饮食教规和一个象征系统是相似的,那个系统强调生存是超越死亡的。
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And,so,the departments,along with the railroads and along with better roads also,and the banking network, increases the centralization of the French State.
各省由铁路相连,当然也有公路和银行系统,以加强法国的中央集权
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So that's the Federal Reserve System. Incidentally there are twelve banks and there are twelve districts.
所以，这就是联邦储备金系统，顺便提一句,这里说道有十二个银行和十二个区域。
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But all of you in this room probably remember what we technically call the base 10 system or decimal system because back in grade school or the like, you learned to count and add and subtract numbers by way of columns.
但是，在座的每一位可能都记得,这在小学的时候学的,以10为进制的系统或者十进制系统,通过数列方式学习数数和加减法。
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I think the more we think about it, the more we realize that we only know what it is if we know the system that it belongs to, which is to say, all of the things related to it which it is not. Right?
你们越仔细想这一点，就越明白，我们只有知道事物所属的符号系统,才能认识事物，所有事物都是和同一符号系统中的反面相关的？
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To be systematic, I'm going to build this tree depth-first left-first.
为了保持系统性，我将要把这棵树设置,为深度优先和左边优先。
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That's achieved - in fact that's the main goal of many of these organ systems, right?
这通过,事实上这是,很多器官和系统存在的主要目的,对吧
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He elaborated a systematic account of mind and history.
他创建了自己的一套,思想和历史的系统。
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And the thought, of course, is that the robot or the computer is a deterministic system and you can't have free will if you're a deterministic system.
那个想法,当然,是说机器人和电脑只是一种决定论的系统,而如果你是个决定论系统的话,就不可能有自由意志
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And often, if you want to make a lot of it, you have to think about the thermodynamics of the system, how fast the reactions will go and kinetics, and then whether they'll go, the thermodynamics, and sometimes then you need to adjust the reactions, maybe use a transition metal to make it go better.
这种分子就不能正常工作，而且通常来说,如果你要大量生产一个东西,你必须考虑系统的热力学，反应速率和动力学,还有反应是否会发生，热力学，而且有时候你需要调整反应的发生。
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When I'm talking about language I'm meaning systems like English and Dutch and Warlpiri and Italian and Turkish and Urdu and what we've seen and heard right now in class in the demonstration that preceded the formal lecture.
当我谈到语言时,我指的是诸如英语,荷兰语,沃皮利语,意大利语,土耳其语,乌尔都语这样的语言系统,以及我们在正式上课之前的课堂演示中,所看到和听到的语言系统
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So we have system insulated from the outside world, and we have two bulbs.
我们有一个与环境隔绝的系统，和两个腔体。
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Chapters 11 through 15 cover the dietary system, the dietary laws as well as the ritual purity laws.
1到15章节讲了饮食系统，饮食教规和宗教仪式的纯度法律。
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You need energy to move your arms around and move around mechanical systems, obviously, cars, boats, etcetera.
你需要能量,来移动胳膊和走动,机械系统，汽车，船等等。
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The total energy of the system, which we are going to get from postulate number four, which says the energy of the electron, which is the energy of the system, is the sum of the kinetic and the potential energy.
这个系统的总能量，也就是我们将从第四个假设中算出的能量，也就是电子运动产生的能量，也就是整个系统的能量，是动能和位能的总和。
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How do your kidneys know what the status is of inside your blood, They know that because they receive signals from the endocrine system and the nervous system.
肾脏何以得知血液组分的状态,它们能够知道这些是因为它们接收到,来自内分泌系统和神经系统的信号
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You can take a problem that might be relatively intuitive to solve but when you scale this thing up as is increasingly the case in the web, in large data systems, and so forth, you actually have to now think smart, you actually have to think efficiently and you have to solve this problem effectively.
你可以把一个问题用比较直观的方法解决,但如果你把此类问题的数量增大,正如越来越多的互联网，和大规模数据系统中出现的问题等等,你应该考虑怎样才能更简便，怎样才能更高效,你应该用行之有效的方法处理问题。
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It's just minus the sum of all these things, because of course these are just defined as the work done by the environment to the system.
等于负的这些东西的和，因为它们的定义是,环境对系统所做的功。
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If you have the number of moles and two intensive variables, then you know everything there is to know about the system.
如果你有摩尔数,和两个强度量，你就能知道关于这个系统的一切,关于系统的平衡态的一切。
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And then between the system and the surroundings is the boundary.
系统和环境之间的,是边界。
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The nervous system, the endocrine system which we'll start talking about a little bit today is the system that's responsible for sending signals back and forth between tissues of your body.
还有神经系统,和我们今天将要提到的内分泌系统,内分泌系统主要负责,在体内各组织之间传递信号
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One class of them is beta-blockers, they bind to beta-adrenergic receptors, which are receptors that exchange information between your nervous system and the contractile system that beats your heart and that causes the heartbeat.
一类药物是β阻断剂,它们与β肾上腺素受体结合,这种受体能够在神经系统和,控制心跳的心肌收缩系统之间传递信息,从而产生心跳
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We're going to talk about those in more detail in a couple of weeks when we talk about the immune system because these are the cells that perform and regulate the functions of our immune system that protect us from disease.
在后几周的有关免疫的课程上,我们会详细说明的,因为我们免疫系统的功能,要依靠这些细胞去完成和调节,它们使我们免受疾病侵害
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You have extensive properties and intensive properties The extensive properties are the ones that scale with the size of the system.
广延量,和强度量,广延量的值,随着系统的规模变化。
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