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Latte, which is a homogeneous system, has a very, very large number of components to it All the components that make up the milk.
拿铁咖啡是个均匀系统，但它有非常非常多的组分,牛奶中的所有组分咖啡中的所有组分。
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So magic in a pagan system, Kaufman claims, is a way of getting around the gods, circumventing the capricious will of the gods and demons.
考夫曼宣称，异教系统中的法术，可以用来应付众神,能使反复无常的神谕和恶魔的诅咒失灵。
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So now I have my first of my two slopes, in terms of something that's related to my system the heat capacity of the system.
好，我们现在得到了，两个微分式中的一个,它等于与系统密切相关的一个量。
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We're going to take these general topics and talk about how they work in the nervous system and the immune system next time.
在下节课我会讲这些内容以及,配体-受体系统在神经系统和,免疫系统中的作用原理
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I think the more we think about it, the more we realize that we only know what it is if we know the system that it belongs to, which is to say, all of the things related to it which it is not. Right?
你们越仔细想这一点，就越明白，我们只有知道事物所属的符号系统,才能认识事物，所有事物都是和同一符号系统中的反面相关的？
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I want to plot energy in the system as a function of interatomic spacing.
我想把这个系统中的能量,按照原子间距来划分。
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So that is a flag that tells the compiler that I want to use or link into my own program code that someone else wrote that lives somewhere else on the system whose moniker is CS50.
所以那是一个标记，用来告诉编译器我想使用,或连接我自己的程序代码到一个叫做CS50的系统中的程序,可能其他人在那个系统写了这些程序。
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Most chemical changes, most physical changes don't happen in isolated systems.
但是大部分的化学反应,并不是发生在孤立系统中的。
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Other cells in the immune system recognizing that this is a foreign molecule, but is being presented in the context of a 'self' cell.
免疫系统中的其他一些细胞,识别到它是非己物质,但它已经被识别为己方细胞
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I'm going to talk about - take sort of the general concepts that we talked about last time and talk about how they apply in two physiological systems, the nervous system first and then the immune system.
我将要谈到几个基本的概念,我上节课已经讲过一些了,再讲讲这些概念在两个生理系统中的应用,首先是神经系统然后是免疫系统
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So, what that really means, you know, from last week's lecture, is that the vaccine stimulates these particular cells in your immune system to give you immunity.
所以,这就意味着,通过上周的课程,你们知道,疫苗通过刺激免疫系统中的,特定细胞来使人获得免疫力
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It was the first place where the concept of stem cells was developed, in that if one looks carefully one can find immature cells in the bone marrow.
这是干细胞概念的发祥地,如果仔细观察造血系统,就能找到骨髓中的未成熟细胞
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There are processes that go from my nervous system, from my brain and spinal cord out to the tips of my fingers that allow me to move muscles there, or down to your toes.
神经系统中的有些突起可以,从大脑和脊髓一直延伸到,手指指端,以使我这里的肌肉能够运动,神经甚至会一直延伸到你的脚趾
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The red blood cells that carry oxygen only live within your circulation for about a month and so you have to continually be replacing cells that are dying and so there are cells that are proliferating.
携带氧的红细胞,在你的循环系统中的寿命只有一个月,因此你必须持续不断地更新衰老的细胞,所以就有在增殖的细胞
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Here, I've just picked a couple of the pictures that I showed you last time when we were talking about cell communication in the immune system, What happens after the vaccine is introduced into your body is that it initiates cellular events.
我挑选了,我上次给你们展示的几幅图片,当我们讨论到,免疫系统中的细胞沟通时,讲到过当人体接种疫苗之后,能够触发,细胞活动
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The immune system, some cells of the immune system, in particular this class of T-cells called CD8 cells have receptors which recognize MHC1.
免疫系统,其中一些免疫细胞,特别是T细胞中的,CD8细胞含有可识别MHC1的受体
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So, that's antigen presentation to this population of cells called cytotoxic T-cells, Tc, a subset of the class of T-cells in the immune system.
这些细胞被呈递给另一种细胞,这些细胞被称为细胞毒性T细胞,是免疫系统中T淋巴细胞的亚群中的一种
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And if you've ever heard the word driver software that you install in your computer so that your computer, your operating system, Windows or Mac OS, knows how to talk to that piece of hardware, it's that driver software that then empowers the operating systems to send those commands as well, up, the data is laid out on the disk.
并且如果你听说过安装到,电脑中的驱动软件这个词的话，你的操作系统，比如Windows或者是苹果操作系统，通过这个驱动软件我们的电脑，才能知道如何与这个硬件进行通信,正是因为这个驱动软件，操作系统才能根据数据，左右移动的指令来读取磁盘里的数据。
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It depends on what you define, exactly what you define in your system.
它取决于你的定义，尤其是在你系统中的定义。
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