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Adiabatic meaning there's no heat involved, and we're going to see how that differs from the isothermal expansion and compression.
绝热意味着没有热量的传递，我们将看到它,与等温过程的区别。
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PROFESSOR BAWENDI: So the question was, for an isothermal expansion, delta u does not change, therefore, The answer is that's true only for an ideal gas.
你的问题是，在等温过程中，内能是否，这只对理想气体成立。
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As long as it's reversible, you know what the efficiency has to be, and in principle, you could break it down into a bunch of steps that you could formulate as isothermal and adiabatic.
只要这个循环过程是可逆的，你们知道效率是多少，从理论上说，可以将总过程,分解成一系列绝热,和等温的小过程。
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So there's going to be a line that's going to connect the initial point to the final point, and that line mathematically is not going to be the same as this one here.
连接绝热过程,初末态的曲线的方程，和等温线的方程,也不会相同。
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And our heat of reaction or enthalpy of reaction is defined as the enthalpy at constant pressure.
我们的反应热，或反映,的焓被定义为恒压，等温。
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We can have a different isothermal step.
这是一个不同的等温过程。
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STUDENT: Just a quick question on some of the constraints, like isothermal, isobaric, isovolumetric expansion.
学生：我有个关于,等温，等压，等容等约束条件的小问题。
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And you know, you could have a reversible engine with lots and lots of steps, but you could always break them down into some sequence of adiabatic and isothermal steps.
你们知道，我们可以设计一个由，很多很多个,循环步骤的热机，但是总可以把它分割成,一系列的绝热,和等温过程。
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We don't know if it's bigger or smaller.
到底比等温过程的值大还是小。
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That's the isotherm here.
等温线的方程了。
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This is going to end up at a different temperature by the way. You saw this last time in a slightly different way. Last time what you saw is we compared isothermal and adiabatic paths that ended up at the same final pressure, and what you saw is that therefore they ended up in different final volumes.
末态温度是不一样的,上次你们看到的,和这个有一点不一样,上次我们比较的是末态压强,相等的等温过程和绝热过程,因此它们的末态,体积是不一样的。
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And here, in an isothermal expansion, The bath is putting back the energy that the gas is expanding or using to expand, and so the energy is flowing back into the gas through the environment in the isothermal expansion.
而在等温膨胀中，恒温环境将气体膨胀对外做功,而损失的能量又返还回来，在等温膨胀中,能量从环境,流向系统。
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All right, so gamma, the gas is cooling so V2 is going to be less than it what would be if the temperature kept constant.
气体温度下降了,于是V2会比等温过程,降到相同压强时的体积要小。
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If you want to write a function that describes this line here, it's pressure as a function of volume related to each other with this constant.
如果要写出描述这条等温线的方程,它的压强和体积,就通过常数C相联系起来。
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Step three to four isothermal compression, w2 delta u is going to be q2 plus w2.
第三步，到四点的等温压缩，Δu等于q2加。
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So here's path A, it's isothermal.
那么这是路径A，它是等温的。
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