This, by the way, is a way of showing the fact that everything which appears in a semiotic system is conventional, right?

这也表明了,任何在符号系统中出现的符号都要符合惯例？

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So for each student the tutor builds a model of that Student's current state what the computer thinks they Know and doesn't know, and tries to present the student options that best meet what the tutor thinks are the student's need at that moment.

因此辅导系统会给每个学生,创建一个模型记录他们当前的学习状态,判断他们已经掌握和还不了解的知识,然后给出此时导师认为,最符合他们需要的选择。

麻省理工公开课 - 媒体、教育、市场课程节选

Once we've made some generalizations about language in this narrow sense, we could then ask, and we will ask, to what extent do other systems such as animal communication systems relate to this narrower definition.

一旦我们在狭义上,得出了某些关于语言的概论,那我们就可以发问,诸如动物交流系统之类的其他系统,会在多大程度上,符合这个狭隘的定义呢

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选