So the nature of the world, post-cold war world is increasingly one about competition for markets, govern of one nation's markets.
因此冷战之后,市场的竞争,成为世界的主题,一国市场的管理,如果事实如此。
So most marketing campaigns and advertising campaigns now have some social component.
所以大多数市场竞争和广告竞争都涉及到了社交网络。
You're absolutely right, I don't want to be involved in this market if the other guy is selling below cost.
你完全正确,我不想参与这市场竞争,如果另外一家公司售价低于成本
Our competitors were using that to subsidize competing with us in the client market.
我们的对手以它为手段,来增加客户端市场的竞争力。
because both are competing for the... ? same market, or different markets?
因为中印一直在竞争。,抢占同一个,或是不同市场?
the project is related to modeling firm competition and electricity spot markets.
公司间竞争以及电力市场模型项目。
This is not a perfectly competitive market, but if it were, that's where price is going to end up.
这个案例的情况不是完全竞争市场,但是如果是,这个就是最终的价格
If they're not at the competitive output they could undercut price and take the entire market.
如果他们不按照完全竞争产量生产,就可以通过降低价格来抢占市场
So new and a competitive fringe of firms is going to enter and drive prices down.
大批新公司的进入引入了竞争机制,压低了市场价格
Another competitor could join the market.
别的竞争者会加入市场
In fact, the outcome here, this equilibrium here is for all intents and purposes, the same equilibrium we would have had had there been thousands of firms in the market And had this been a perfectly competitive market.
实际上,这个结果,这个均衡适用于所有的目的和意图,我们将得到同样的均衡,即使市场上有数千的公司,即使这是个完全竞争市场
So leaving aside the specific example of beer, you think about some product that has some dimension on which it varies, and we can use this model to see how competition is going to work in that market.
把啤酒的例子放在一边,你们自己想一些在某种程度上,有所不同的产品,我们使用这个模型来研究,这个市场的竞争是怎样的
In a perfectly competitive market that's exactly where prices are going to end up.
在完全竞争市场中,这就是最终的市场价格
This is a game in which there are two firms who are competing in the same market, and we'll give a bit more detail in a second.
它讲的是在同一个市场中,只有两家公司互相竞争,稍后我会给出更多的细节
So, so far what we've done is we've looked at this sort of classic, I admit not the most exciting game in the world, but classic application of Game Theory to imperfect competition.
到现在为止我们只学了经典案例,我承认这不是什么有趣的博弈,只是博弈论在不完全竞争市场的应用
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