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>> They only use that when the program that you're running-- the program that you're referring to is going to your computer?
>它只有在你运行程序的时候才用到-,那你刚刚提到的程序,会到你的电脑上运行吗？
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You double click an icon, the program gets loaded into memory, well, conceptually where does your program end up?
双击一个图标，程序就被加载到内存中，那么，程序在哪里结束？
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They're easy to spot, you can't run the program with them there, so you're not going to get weird answers.
它们很容易被捕捉到，你没法带着这些错误去运行程序，因此你不会得到奇怪的答案。
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You know, my experience with this is, when you go from having a small number to a really large number of people, if you don't a process, it becomes real chaos.
我的经验是，公司的员工由很少,增长到很多，如果没有一个程序，很容易乱套。
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And proceeds to do the only thing he can do to defend himself against Hal, which is shut down the program, basically killing-- if we can talk that way--killing Hal.
而他唯一,能使让哈尔不伤害到自己的举措,就是关闭该程序,基本上也就是杀死,如果我们可以那样表达的话,杀死哈尔
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And it's hard to imagine a simpler program than this. So we very quickly realize that exhaustive testing is just never feasible for an interesting program.
更简单的程序了,因此我们很快的意识到,对一个程序来说详尽的,测试是永远不可行的。
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And henceforth I'm gonna start calling these tools, these monickers that I can use as building blocks in my own program, it's gonna be called a function as we'll see.
从此以后，我将在我的程序里把这些工具，称为我们可以用来写代码的组件,在我自己的程序中，我们将了解到它被叫做为一个函数。
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You can touch almost any part of memory in the computer systems that you want with your program, but do you want to?
通过你的程序，你可以触及到计算机系统,内存的任意部分，但是那是你想要的吗？
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I'm going to open up a program called positive1.c. I'm going to scroll down to the juicy part here.
我将要打开一个叫做positive1，c的程序,我们翻到这个有趣的部分。
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As we went from a company with $300 million to $3 billion to $60 billion, we had to put processes in place, for sure, to deal with the complexity of what we were trying to accomplish.
我们公司的资产由3亿美元,增加到30亿，600亿，所以我们应该有套程序，来处理这么复杂的情况,实现我们的目标。
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We decrement so to speak the variable and then where will we go next in terms of the flow control, the flow of this program.
可以这么说，我们递减这个变量,然后按照控制流，即程序流进入到下一语句。
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But what you would have seen is the program just doing this, printing out to the screen.
但是你看到的只是程序，打印字符串到屏幕上。
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I don't have to go read what it printed out in the screen. This has returned a value that I can use. Because I could do a test to say, is this a return value? If it's not, I'll do something else with it. So the binding is still there, it simply doesn't print it out.
我不想读到屏幕中打印出来的这行字,程序返回过一个我能够使用的值,因为我可以做个小测试，来说明这是否是返回的值，如果不是，我可以做一些其它的事,而这个绑定依然在这儿，没有打印任何东西。
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When you double-click a program, it's loaded into RAM.
当你双击一个程序，它被加载到内存中。
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In Scratch you may have realized that, "I could implement my program this way with these puzzle pieces, but it kind of feels -- like I could use these puzzle pieces instead" -- that's absolutely the case in programming.
在Scratch中你可能已经意识到，“我可以用这一段代码来,执行我的程序，不过这有点感觉到,我可以用这些代码段来代替“,那绝对是编程中的一个情况。
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So that is a flag that tells the compiler that I want to use or link into my own program code that someone else wrote that lives somewhere else on the system whose moniker is CS50.
所以那是一个标记，用来告诉编译器我想使用,或连接我自己的程序代码到一个叫做CS50的系统中的程序,可能其他人在那个系统写了这些程序。
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And it will just do this ad nauseam until I actually give it an int or if I realize, "Wow, I really screwed up this program.
它将会令人作呕地反复如此处理,直到我给它一个int数或者当我认识到：“喔，我真的弄砸了这个程序。
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And then really the fun begins when you realize all you have ; to do is now start wiring these ideas together; wiring these little bite size problems together and so in the end that actually make, per Tej's project, a really impressive whole.
当你意识到你现在要做的就是,把想法付诸程序,把小问题串连到一起的时候;,就开始觉得有意思了,实际上每个Tej的项目，都是个为令人印象深刻的整体。
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skittles So when you compile a program called A dot out, or skittles or wherever, and you double-click that program, or our in our command line environment, run it with dot slash skittles, that program is loaded Microsoft Word into memory just like Microsoft Word or whatever would be on your own computer.
当你编译一个程序a，out，或者,或其他的，你双击那个程序，或着在我们的命令环境中，采用，/skittles来运行它，那个程序被加载到,内存中，就像,或者你电脑上的其他程序。
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But notice what this does. The first thing it does is, it says, let's check and make sure x is greater than or equal to 0. If it isn't, notice what's going to happen. None of that block is going to get executed, and it's going to come down here and print out a useful piece of information, which says, hey, you gave me a negative number. I don't know how to do this.
做的是和以前一样的事情,但是注释它做了什么，第一件做的事情就是,程序说，要去检查并且确信x是大于等于0的，如果不是的话，请注意会发生什么,下面的代码都不会被执行,程序会到这里来然后显示一些有用的信息,信息会说，嘿，你给了我一个负数,我不知道该怎么弄这个了。
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So in your mind, if you are now the computer program and you are executing this thing from top to bottom, what just has happened verbally is we are stepping into the line of code that says sort left half of elements.
在你们看来，如果你现在是计算机程序,正在从上到下执行一系列指令，刚才所发生的就是我们现在已执行到了这行代码,它告诉你要对左半部分的元素排序。
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And the means by which I connect to the so called cloud is with a command line program or GUI program.
连接到所谓的“云“上,方法是一条命令行程序，或GUI程序。
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But for the next week or two when you're writing programs, at least for the first time, generally if you're trying Scratch to debug them like you might have been trying to troubleshoot Scratch, you're probably going to reason - through it by looking through the your code -- -- top to bottom, maybe engage a staff member for help -- but your friend will also be printf.
但是，在接下来的一两周内，当你们写程序的时候，或至少在第一次写的时候，通常如果你在调试程序,就像你们可能已经试着调试过,你们或许是通过查看你们的代码,来推断你们的程序-,从头到尾，可能还需要别人的帮忙-,但是你的朋友也将要打印输出。
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So here's a program called Arg V, this is fancy speak for argument Vector, a list of arguments for the left or right.
这里有一个叫做ArgV的程序，这个设想讲述了,参数矢量，从左到右的一列参数。
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- This one was among our favorite-- "I was you at the CS50 Fair; I went to your station ; to see your program, you were my best friend; but when our hands touched as you handed me a Smiley face sticker, my heart skipped a beat.
这是我们最喜欢的-,“我和你一样在CS50大会上，我到你的网站看你的程序,你是我最好的朋友;,但是当我们牵手的时候,你传给我一张笑脸贴纸，我的心跳加速“
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And this is a little different from what happened ten or so years ago, but the so-called Y2K problem was essentially the result of programmers not really having the foresight to realize, "Maybe we shouldn't use so few bits or so few digits to represent a year because eventually this will be a problem."
这个跟10年前发生的事情有点不一样,那个所谓的“Y2K“问题,本质上的结果是,程序员没有真实地预见和认识到，“可能我们没必要用到这些位数或数字,来表示一年，但是最终这个将会,是个问题“
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