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I've decided that I need to be able, in my program, to swap the value of two variables. All right.
我觉定在我的程序中，我可以，交换两个变量值，好的。
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By putting it in a function bug if I find a bug and I change my program I can just run the function again.
把我输入的值放到一个函数里,如果以后我在程序中发现了一个,并对程序进行更改的话，我可以直接。
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You double click an icon, the program gets loaded into memory, well, conceptually where does your program end up?
双击一个图标，程序就被加载到内存中，那么，程序在哪里结束？
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And indeed, when they program these things, the programmers will feed in game after game after game of the great chess games in history.
的确,当人们编写游戏程序时,会在这些程序中,一局接一局地,输入历史上那些最伟大的棋局
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The strategy then often is to figure out how, what sort of program can solve these problems and then we go on to ask, "How could this program be instantiated in the physical brain?"
心理学家们通常要先弄清,什么样的程序可以解决这些问题,然后我们会接着问到,"这个程序在我们的生理大脑中,是如何进行编译的"
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And in the process of tidying it up and making it prettier, I'll often by accident find the bug.
让我的程序更漂亮些,在这个清理美化代码的过程中，我常常无意中发现我的错误。
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bug It's not true now. If there is a bug in the program it's there for only one reason.
如果程序中有一个,那一定是有原因的，是你通过例如犯了。
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And then I say, oh you know I've used lists all over this program. I'll bet this isn't the only place where I've made this mistake.
变化引起的边缘效应，然后我的意思是,你知道的我在这个程序中一直都在用数组,我敢打赌我犯了这种错不止一次。
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But let's suppose that I realize that I'm doing a lot of addition in my programs, and I actually want to factor out what seems to becoming a lot of copy, paste.
但是假如我在程序中做了很多加法,我实际上想要提出那些,复制粘贴的东西。
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But it's a valuable thing. It says, in each case, I return some useful value from this procedure.
但是这就是变量，是在每个例子中，我从这个程序中返回了一些有用的值。
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And henceforth I'm gonna start calling these tools, these monickers that I can use as building blocks in my own program, it's gonna be called a function as we'll see.
从此以后，我将在我的程序里把这些工具，称为我们可以用来写代码的组件,在我自己的程序中，我们将了解到它被叫做为一个函数。
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It's the various programs you run on your computer along with the various data files that you have saved on your hard drive,and so forth.
是你自身这个电脑中运行的各种程序,硬盘存有的各种数据和文件，类似种种。
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You will be able to infer from some of our code how in fact you can implement some more sophisticated programs.
你可以从一些代码中推断出,应该要怎样实现一些较复杂的程序。
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s1 It's a little square, it's going to be called s1 and that's what exists as of line two of this program, GetSting but now I've called get string.
这是一个正方形，叫做1,这就是程序中第二行代码所表示的，现在我调用。
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All right so it has to live in RAM as opposed to the hard drive because otherwise things would be terribly slow as you know so it's much better if your programs live while they're running in RAM and they end up in what's called the tech segment.
好的，它存在内存中，而不是硬盘中,因为，否则程序会非常的缓慢,程序在内存中运行会好得多,它们在技术段,的地方结束。
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You can kind of see where the syntax is going, looks like a loop, but you can kind of put blocks inside of you, and the little arrow suggests that once you get to the bottom just like our socks example, you're gonna do the following again.
从某种程度上你可以看到它的语法构成,像个循环，你也可以把，一些程序块放到循环中，如同短袜的例子，这个小箭头暗示你一旦到达底部,你将会重复接下来的事情。
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So I wrote a little program called "chart" that, based on some data I happened to hardcode into the program, shows us their numbers for the past several years.
我写了一个叫做“图表“的小程序，基于我在程序中硬编码的一些数据，向我们显示在过去几年中我们课程的人数。
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I don't have to go read what it printed out in the screen. This has returned a value that I can use. Because I could do a test to say, is this a return value? If it's not, I'll do something else with it. So the binding is still there, it simply doesn't print it out.
我不想读到屏幕中打印出来的这行字,程序返回过一个我能够使用的值,因为我可以做个小测试，来说明这是否是返回的值，如果不是，我可以做一些其它的事,而这个绑定依然在这儿，没有打印任何东西。
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With simple branching, how long is it going to take to run a piece of code?
但是在简单分支程序中，执行一个程序,要多长时间呢？
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It's a bad habit to get into, because when you come back to it, it may haunt you later on down the road. So really get into that notion of trying to be defensive as you program.
来运行程序的时候,错误就会出现缠住你了,因此现在我们真的要培养,在程序中有防卫性设计的概念。
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And when we do a simulation, we're pulling the samples from some distribution.
当我们写一个仿真程序的时候，我们就是从一些分布中进行了采样。
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We'd expect you to write now or perhaps ever since this program was written as part of an obfuscated C contest.
我希望你们现在就开始写程序,否则你们将会在C语言比赛中,写得非常糟糕。
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Right. We're not going to have 140,000 variables in my program.
对的，在我的程序中没有140，000个变量。
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When you double-click a program, it's loaded into RAM.
当你双击一个程序，它被加载到内存中。
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But in fact warranted confidence in our programs.
实际上我们的程序中有保证的自信。
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So, in this program when we call this version of swap 1 and 2 do not end up here, right?
所以，在这个程序中，当我们调用这个swap版本1,和版本2，不是在这里结束，对不？
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So you say well, rather than rushing off and fixing this one bug, let me pull back and ask, bug is this a systematic mistake that I've made throughout the program?
因此我们应该回头想想,这是不是我在整个程序中都，在犯的一个系统性错误，而不是匆匆忙忙的去修复这一个,如果确实是系统性错误的话？
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I want the function, which is a little tool, a line of code I can include in my own programs and generally those tools live in sections two or three of the manual.
我想要一个函数，那是一个小工具，在我程序中可以包含的一行代码,通常这些工具在手册的第二节,或第三节。
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OK. Having done this now, I can simply go ahead and run this, and in fact if I go up here to run, you'll see I've got both an option to check the module, though in this case I'm just going to run it.
好，讲完了这些，我可以去执行程序了，实际上如果我在这里运行，你们会看到我同样得到了,一个可以同时检查模块的选项，虽然在这个例子中我就是直接去运行程序了。
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> That lets the compiler know that you want to use some actual compiled code from that library.
>，那是告诉编译器我们想要在程序库中,使用一些当前的编译后的代码。
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